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% This file is part of a compuscript toolbox distributed by
% the American Physical Society in conjunction with
% the TeX author-prepared program.
%
% All rights not specifically granted are reserved,
% American Physical Society, 1991.
%
% Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim
% copies of the complete toolbox provided that the README file
% and copyright notices are preserved on all copies.
% Permission is granted to use the style files provided that
% neither the content of the style files nor their names are changed.
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% accompanied by an appropriate acknowledgment.
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% For more information, see the README file.
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\documentstyle[revtex]{aps}
\begin{document}
\def\SNG{{\em Physical Review Style and Notation Guide}}
\def\UG {{\em \LaTeX\ User's Guide \& Reference Manual}}
\def\btt#1{{\tt$\backslash$\string#1}}%
\begin{title}
Input Guide for \TeX\ Author-Prepared Compuscripts
\end{title}
\vskip .5in
\narrowtext

\section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}

In 1987, the Council of The American Physical Society authorized
acceptance of \TeX -formatted author-prepared compuscripts to be
submitted to the {\em Physical~Review A, B, C,} and {\em D\/}
in machine-readable
form.  It
is essential that author-prepared input be consistent and
standardized so that the compuscripts can become part of the normal
production procedures. It is only by routinely handling
author-prepared files that this
method of production will be economically feasible.


This input guide contains basic instructions for keyboarding
compuscripts using the {\em REVTEX\/} macro package, which works
in a \LaTeX\ environment.
This guide is part of the ``\TeX\ compuscript toolbox'';
other items in the toolbox are the
{\em REVTEX\/} macro package (several style files), test files,
a README file (which contains details regarding installation and
copying of the style files), and hard copy
of the {\em Physical Review Style and Notation Guide}.
For correct notation and style practices, authors should read the
{\em Physical Review Style and Notation Guide}, furnished with
the toolbox;
authors also should be guided
by recent issues of {\em Physical~Review.}

%You may wish to supplement this input guide with
%the excellent documentation available for \LaTeX : namely,
%the {\em User's Guide \& Reference Manual}.
%It is important that this input guide be followed
%whenever possible.

Compuscripts
that do not comply closely with these instructions will be
returned to the author for changes.

{\bf Contents of this Guide.}
In Sec.\ \ref{sec:gensubmit} we describe procedures for
making an original submission (review purposes) to the Editorial
Offices.  Sections\ \ref{sec:conmailsub} and \ref{sec:e-mail} detail
procedures for conventional mail and electronic mail submissions,
respectively.

Section \ref{sec:process}  briefly describes author proofs.

Section \ref{sec:filesubmit} discusses the specifications
for file submittal (floppy, tape, electronic mail).

In Sec.\ \ref{sec:instruct} we describe in detail
several aspects of compuscript creation:
the input of front matter and how to switch from
galley to preprint format;
paragraph formatting, hyphenation, quotes, and textwidth issues;
section headings;
basic input for in-text math and displayed equations; special
character issues; footnotes and references; figure captions;
and tables.

In Sec.\ \ref{sec:xrefs} we have described the various
autonumbering features of {\em REVTEX}; these features
can be used to autonumber equations, figures, tables,
references, and section heads.

Finally, Sec.\ \ref{sec:samples}
contains two sample compuscripts, input and output,
preprint format and galley format. These two samples
(one brief and
descriptive, and another an actual published
{\em Physical Review\/} manuscript)
illustrate many {\em REVTEX} and \LaTeX\ features that
are necessary to create a compuscript.

Appendix \ref{sec:commands} is a handy  list of some
necessary commands that will be found in a {\em REVTEX}
compuscript.  This command list supplements the \LaTeX\ {\em User's
Guide and Reference Manual}.

Appendix \ref{sec:upgrade} itemizes the differences
between v1 and v2 of {\em REVTEX}, for current users of
v1.

Authors who have not ever participated in the author-prepared
program may wish to read Appendix  \ref{sec:fastfacts}
and  Appendix \ref{sec:macros}
at this point.
There we give a brief
overview of the author-prepared program and answer some
frequently asked author questions.

Appendix \ref{sec:contacts} lists the people and places
to contact if you have questions about any services
described herein.  To obtain the most proper and expedient
answer to your question, please consult Appendix E before calling
or e-mailing the APS.

{\bf Note on participating journals}.
The compuscript program is open to all {\em Physical
Review A, B, C,} and {\em D\/} authors.  At press time, project
development efforts had begun to expand the program to include
{\em Physical Review Letters\/} and {\em Reviews of Modern Physics}.
It is anticipated that {\em Physical
Review Letters\/} authors
will be able to participate in a compuscript program by December of
1991 (possibly earlier).  Procedures for participation in the
{\em Physical Review Letters\/} compuscript program will differ
from those detailed in this guide, however,  use of {\em REVTEX\/}
will remain essentially the same. Please contact the authors of
this guide for information on project development status for
either {\em Physical Review Letters\/} or {\em Reviews of Modern
Physics}.

%

 Unless specified in Appendix \ref{sec:contacts},
 questions regarding this Input Guide should be directed
 to Peggy C. Sutherland, APS Publications Liaison Office,
 500 Sunnyside Blvd., Woodbury, NY 11797.


\section{GENERAL COMPUSCRIPT SUBMISSION\\ PROCEDURES}
\label{sec:gensubmit}

Original submissions to the editorial offices can be made via
conventional mail or electronic mail. Both methods are
described below. Conventional mail submission is
described, unless otherwise specified.

When the {\em REVTEX\/} compuscript is ready to go, it
should should be submitted to the Editorial Offices in
conformance with the
printed procedures in the first issue of each volume of {\em Physical
Review A, B, C,} and {\em D}. The following procedures
are those unique to compuscript processing.

It should be stated in the communication accompanying the manuscript
that the paper is to be considered as a
\TeX -formatted author-prepared compuscript and the preference
for file medium (floppy, e-mail, tape).  See Sec.\
\ref{sec:filesubmit} for detailed
file submittal specifications.

The manuscript will go through the usual refereeing process
and normal editorial functions.  Frequently there are manuscript
changes needed in response to referee and editor
questions/suggestions. All such changes should be indicated
in the correspondence that accompanies a revised manuscript
and/or file.


{\bf It is very important} that no undocumented changes be made to the
file after the manuscript has been sent to the
editor's office.  The importance of this
cannot be overemphasized. Publication delays will be experienced
if there are any discrepancies, {\bf however minor they may
be,} between the compuscript file
and the manuscript that has been given to the editor's
office.


\subsection{Conventional mail submissions}
\label{sec:conmailsub}

Original submissions
that involve paper copies of the manuscript and
the postal system  are conventional mail submissions.

If the author has submitted conventionally,
then the
author should await word from the Editorial Office
before sending the compuscript file; conventional
submissions require that  compuscript files be forwarded only
after formal acceptance of the manuscript by the APS Editorial
Offices.

When received by conventional mail at the editor's office,
the manuscript will begin the usual editorial
processing route.  The special handling needed for
compuscript processing will be initiated. See Fig.\ 1.

%%%Figure 1 is not in TeX format, therefore it
%%%cannot be included in this file.

As part of routine preprocessing
for compuscripts,  the author will be contacted to establish that
the compuscript file meets the necessary requirements for
inclusion in the author-prepared program. The author will
be asked several questions related to the file.

It is important that the author respond promptly to these queries.
This information is critical for a compuscript to be included
in the author-prepared program.  It is not in the spirit
of the author-prepared program to delay processing
of a manuscript solely for the purpose of including
the manuscript in the program. Therefore, if critical information
is not available at the time the manuscript
is given editorial approval for publication, then
the manuscript will not be included in
the program.


In most cases, when/if accepted for publication by the %
scientific editor, the author will be asked to send the compuscript
file. (The exceptional case exists when the author opts to
make manuscript corrections; see Sec.\ \ref{sec:process}.)
%SHOULD GO ELSEWHERE The author should (1) modify front matter
% for galley output, and
%(2) \LaTeX\ the paper to evaluate equation lengths, shortening
%or ``breaking'' equations where necessary before
%providing the file.

Frequently there are manuscript changes
needed in response to referee and editor
questions/suggestions. All such changes must be indicated
in the correspondence that accompanies a revised manuscript.
The file must be exactly represented by the
latest (hard copy) manuscript that was sent to the Editorial Offices.
If there are known differences,
these should be itemized in communication
accompanying the file. Delays will result if these instructions
are not followed.

\subsection{Electronic mail submissions}
\label{sec:e-mail}

Original submissions that involve
machine readable files of the manuscript and an
electronic mail system are electronic mail submissions.
See Fig.\ 2.

All such submissions and inquiries should be addressed
to {\tt tex@apsedoff}.  Manuscript submissions must include a covering
message stating to which journal the paper is submitted
and must provide a conventional mailing address.

Figures must be forwarded by FAX at the same time that the manuscript
is sent by electronic mail.  The FAX number is (516) 924-5294;
the FAX transmission should be marked for the attention of
Debbie Stuart.  Readable FAX copies of figures are sufficient
for reviewing purposes only.  Original figures should be
forwarded by
conventional or overnight mail as soon as possible.

The file must be in ASCII and not contain any control characters.
Line lengths should
be kept to 70 characters or less.

If the transmissions of the \TeX\ file and figures have been
successful, an acknowledgment will be sent by electronic mail.
If any problems are encountered by Editorial Services staff,
the author will be contacted
immediately via electronic mail and informed of the problem.  If
no acknowledgment is received within 24 hours, it should
be assumed that the file was not received.

Copies of the manuscript must {\bf not} be sent by
conventional mail.  Only original figures should be sent
via conventional mail.

A copy of the manuscript that has been generated by
Editorial Services staff will be forwarded to the
author.

\section{PRODUCTION OF AUTHOR PROOFS}
\label{sec:process}

Ordinarily, editor and copyeditor changes are made
to the file at the production site.
(If the author opts to make all file changes,
it should be so indicated in the cover letter
that accompanies the manuscript.  Please contact the authors
of this guide for procedural details.)

When/if a manuscript is accepted for publication, the
manuscript and the compuscript file will be forwarded to
production.
Standard  procedures for  production will be in effect, and the
author will  receive the correspondence associated with routine
manuscript publication. The manuscript will be returned to the
author with the galleys.  The manuscript will be thoroughly marked
to indicate where file changes were needed,
and the author will
be responsible for thorough proofreading of galleys.

Although the author has assumed the keyboarding responsibility
and the proofreading
responsibility, the production staff will still perform a complete
proofreading of the article and will insert necessary
changes.  Requested tabular additions also will be
inserted.  Page proofs therefore should
be carefully checked.  Return the marked manuscript and the
proofed galley to the address indicated on the galley and
the necessary corrections will be  handled by the production staff.

\section{FILE SUBMITTAL SPECIFICATIONS}
\label{sec:filesubmit}

Please see Sec.\ \ref{sec:gensubmit} for important submittal
procedures.


Compuscripts should be submitted (1) on a DOS-formatted
floppy disk, (2) on a UNIX-generated
nine-track magnetic tape, or (3) via electronic mail. The tape/floppy
should be labeled to
indicate the code number  of the manuscript, the names
of all the files on the tape, and the return
address of the submitting author.  The following list indicates the
acceptable formats and densities for the tape.

\smallskip

\indent\hbox to19mm{Formats:\hfil} tp, tar.

\indent\hbox to19mm{Densities:\hfil} 800 bpi, 1600bpi.

\smallskip

The tape/floppy may contain one large file, e.g.,
BB1010, or may contain
a series of separately named files, e.g., BB1010,
BB1010caps, BB1010tabs.
The code number of the compuscript does not have to
be used as the file
name or names; smithpaper, smithcaps, smithfigs, etc., will suffice.

Upon receipt of the file(s) by the production
office, the contents will be
concatenated and assigned the appropriate production code number.
The compuscript file will then be evaluated for various
potential problems and compliance with the input
instructions.  Compuscripts may be returned to the author at this
time if extensive changes are necessary.


All bitnet receipts will be acknowledged.

\section{COMPUSCRIPT INSTRUCTIONS}
\label{sec:instruct}

Author-prepared compuscripts should include the following parts
in this order:  title, authors, byline,
abstract, suggested PACS numbers (1990 Physics and
Astronomy Classification), main manuscript body,
references, figure captions, and tables.  The production staff will
add verified PACS numbers.
Specific instructions pertaining to various parts of the compuscript
are listed below as well as a short annotated example of compuscript
input.  Formatting commands (macros) are indicated where necessary.

Manuscripts should not contain any author-defined macros. Macros which
are simple text substitutions can be ``expanded'' by the author before
submittal. More complicated macros can create problems when the file
is edited for production and should also be avoided.
See Appendix \ref{sec:macros}
for further information.

\subsection{Front matter}

{\bf Preprints vs Galley form.} The {\em REVTEX\/} macro package
has been developed to accommodate the preprint needs of the author
as well as the production needs of the APS.
If you use {\em REVTEX\/} to prepare a manuscript for submission
to the Editorial Offices, only minor changes are needed
to participate in the author-prepared program.
These minor changes are  (1) modifying the first
line of the file and (2) breaking long equations
where needed. Guidelines
for equation breaking are outlined later; front
matter is discussed below.

The editors of {\em Physical Review\/} require a large typeface with
adequate space between typed lines for technical editing marks and
wide margins for editor and author comments. This {\bf preprint
format} can be obtained with the following front matter:

\begin{verbatim}
\documentstyle[preprint,revtex]{aps}
\begin{document}
\draft
\end{verbatim}

{\bf Galley format}, which is needed for production of the
page that goes to the printer, is produced by
the following front matter:

\begin{verbatim}
\documentstyle[revtex]{aps}
\begin{document}
\draft
\end{verbatim}


\subsection{Text}

{\bf Paragraphs} always begin with a blank input line.
{\bf Do not hyphenate} words at the end of a line; \TeX\ will do
this.  Continue to hyphenate modifiers within a line of text, e.g.,
``author-prepared copy.''

{\bf Use curly quotes} for quotation marks
around quoted text ({\tt ``xxx''})
not straight quotes ({\tt "xxx" }).  [For
opening quotes, this is two octal 140 characters (hex 60);
for closing quotes,
this is  two octal 047 (hex 27) characters.]

There are two commands that control the width of
the text across the page in the galley
format; \btt{narrowtext} will set
the column width to 3$\case3/8$ in., and the \btt{widetext}
command will set the text 7 in.\ wide.  The \btt{widetext} command
is needed to set very long equations.  See the section on
displayed math, below.

Neither \btt{narrowtext} or \btt{widetext}
have any effect on the output if the front matter calls for
the preprint form.  The preprint output is a uniform
6 in.\ throughout.

Don't use \btt{smallskip}, \btt{bigskip}, or any other vertical motion
commands. Horizontal motion commands are unnecessary as well.

\subsection{Section headings}

Three levels of headings are provided in {\em REVTEX\/}:
{\tt section}, {\tt subsection},
and {\tt subsubsection}.
Precede the section heading with the \btt{nonum} command to suppress
the automatic numbering; e.g.,
\begin{verbatim}
     \nonum\section{Introduction}
\end{verbatim}

To label a section heading for cross
referencing use the \btt{label} command {\em after\/}
the heading; e.g.,
\begin{verbatim}
     \section{Introduction}
     \label{sec:intro}
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{In-text math}

{\em Physical Review\/} uses the delimiter \$
for any \TeX\ in-line math, e.g.,
\begin{quote}
     {the quantity $a^z$}
\end{quote}
is obtained from the input
         \begin{verbatim}
     the quantity $a^z$
     \end{verbatim}

Another example of in-line math is

\smallskip

 \leftline{\bf input:}
         \begin{verbatim}
  ... difference between $\langle J_z \rangle
  (t)$ and $\langle J_z\rangle_{\rm HF}(t) ...$
         \end{verbatim}
\leftline{\bf output:}
    \begin{quote}
     ... difference between $\langle J_z \rangle (t)$ and $\langle
         J_z \rangle_{\rm HF}(t) ...$
     \end{quote}

\smallskip

Standard mathematical style conventions are followed
for in-line math such as smaller point size for
superscripts/subscripts, appropriate use of roman,
italic, and Greek fonts, and the use of special math symbols.
(See the {\em Style and Notation Guide} for help.)
\TeX\ will take care of setting the point size appropriately
for variables and numbers in the superscript/subscript position.
To get the appropriately sized superscript/subscript in the
roman font, use the \btt{rm} command:
\smallskip
\begin{quote}
 \leftline{\bf input:}
         \begin{verbatim}
      $... J_{\rm HF}(t) ...$
     \end{verbatim}
\end{quote}
\leftline{\bf output:}
\begin{quote}
      $... J_{\rm HF}(t) ...$
\end{quote}
\smallskip
\TeX\ will assume that you want the superscript or subscript
to consist of the first {\em token\/} (generally a single
character or command) following the \^{} or \_, {\em unless\/}
you use curly brackets to delimit the subscript/superscript. It is
safest to use the curly brackets if unsure.
The curly brackets here also serve to limit the scope of the
{\tt\string\rm} command.
Again, don't use any vertical motion commands in math; horizontal
motion commands are unnecessary as well.

\subsection{Displayed equations}

The  most common (and preferred) type of
displayed equation in {\em Physical
Review\/} is a narrow, {\bf indented single-line equation, with an
equation number on the same line}. Try to set as many equations as you
can in this way. Because some equations are longer
than this type of styling will allow, there are other types of
displays to accommodate longer equations.

Equations can be set flush left with the margin if they do not
fit in the column; dropping the equation numbers to the line
below the equation will also help and is handled automatically
by {\em REVTEX\/}  for single-line equations.
Breaking the equation into multiline format may be necessary for very
long equations.

If an equation needs to be broken into more than four lines, it should
be set in a wide column for ease of reading, using the \btt{widetext}
command. The author should return to \btt{narrowtext} as soon
as possible after one or more very long equations.


In Sample Compuscript A, we have
illustrated how to obtain each of the above.


\subsubsection{Numbering displayed equations}

The {\em REVTEX\/} macro package allows two methods for numbering
equations: you can assign your own equation numbers
or you can allow {\em REVTEX\/} to number for you.

Use the command \btt{eqnum}$\{${\em thenumber}$\}$
to number your own equations. You can also use this command to
produce a specific equation number not normally obtainable; $(1')$,
for example.

For automatically numbered single-line and multiline equations, use
the {\tt equation} and {\tt eqnarray} environments.
You can use the \btt{[},\btt{]}
commands and the {\tt eqnarray$\ast$} environment for unnumbered
single-line and
multiline equations, respectively. The command \btt{nonumber} will
suppress the numbering on a single line of an eqnarray.

If you wish a series of equations to be a lettered sequence, e.g.,
(1a), (1b), and (1c), just include the equations or eqnarray within
the {\tt mathletters} environment.

Finally, to have {\em REVTEX\/} number equations by section,
use the {\tt eqsecnum} style option.

See Sample Compuscript A to see examples of how all this works.

\subsubsection{Cross-referencing displayed equations}

Authors will probably not cross-reference every equation
in text. When a numbered equation needs to be
referred to in text by its number,
the \btt{label\{{\em tag}\}} and \btt{ref\{{\em tag}\}}
commands should be used. The
\btt{label} command is used within the equation or the eqnarray line
to be referenced:

\smallskip

\leftline{\bf input:}
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{equation}
A=B \label{pauli}
\end{equation}
... It follows from Eq.\ (\ref{pauli})
that this is the case ...
\end{verbatim}
\leftline{\bf output:}
\begin{equation}
A=B \label{pauli}
\end{equation}
... It follows from Eq.\ (\ref{pauli})  that this
is the case ...

\smallskip

Please note the parentheses surrounding the command.
They are necessary for proper output.
You can also label individual lines in an eqnarray.
Numbers produced with \btt{eqnum} can also be cross-referenced:
just follow the \btt{eqnum} command with a \btt{label} command.
Please see Sec.\ \ref{sec:xrefs}
for  further information about cross-referencing.

\subsection{Special Characters}

Authors should avoid the use of specially designed ``define
characters'' and choose symbols from those shown in the {\em
\LaTeX\ User's Guide \& Reference Manual}.
There is no guarantee that a specially designed definition
will produce the desired results at the production installation.
If a special symbol is required and not listed in the \UG ,
please request special consideration
in the cover letter accompanying the file submittal.  The
copyeditor will make note of it and the production staff
will attempt to accommodate the author.

Unusual characters are subject to approval by the editor.

\subsection{Footnotes and references}

The list of references should appear after the main
body of the paper.  Please refer to the \SNG\ and
recent issues of {\em Physical Review\/} for current style.
Sample Compuscript A shows
examples of a variety of reference entries, e.g., journal, book,
byline, and private communication.

References will be listed in the reference section using the
\btt{bibitem} command, and they will be cited in text using
the \btt{cite} command.

A byline footnote and the first reference cited
may  appear in the reference section like this:

\smallskip

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{references}
\bibitem[*]{AAAuth}Present Address: Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973.
\bibitem{tal82}Y. Tal and L. J. Bartolotti,
J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 76}, 4056 (1982).
\end{references}
\end{verbatim}

\smallskip

The {\tt [*]} represents an optional, author-specified
reference label. If a reference label is not
present, {\em REVTEX\/} will assign
the next available reference number.

{\tt$\{$tal82$\}$} is a tag; it can be any string of
letters and numbers that you will easily associate with the
reference.  This tag will be used in text to tell \TeX\ what
reference you want to cite. See the example below.

\bigskip

\leftline{\bf input:}
\begin{verbatim}
... This has been noted previously \cite{tal82}.
\end{verbatim}
\leftline{\bf output:}
\begin{quote}
... This has been noted previously \cite{tal82}.
\end{quote}
\smallskip
Input for an author name with a byline footnote
is similar, but the output is different:

\bigskip

\leftline{\bf input:}
\begin{verbatim}
\author{A. A. Author\cite{AAAuth}}
\end{verbatim}
\leftline{\bf output:}
\author{A. A. Author\cite{AAAuth}}

\bigskip

(See the
\SNG\ for details on proper usage of byline footnotes.)
Output (galley form) in the reference section for
the footnote and reference
samples above will look like this:

\begin{references}
\bibitem[*]{AAAuth}Present Address: Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973.
\bibitem{tal82}Y. Tal and L. J. Bartolotti,
J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 76}, 4056 (1982).
\end{references}


\bigskip

\leftline{\bf Quick guide to references:}

\smallskip

$\bullet$ The \btt{bibitem} command begins a reference.

$\bullet$  References should be listed in the reference section
in the order in which they are first cited in the text.
(See next item.)

$\bullet$  References will automatically be numbered by {\em REVTEX\/}
in the order in which they occur in the reference section, unless the
author provides his/her own label.

$\bullet$  The {\tt$\{$tal82$\}$} is a tag; it can be any string of
letters and numbers that you will easily associate with the
reference. This tag will be used in text to tell \TeX\ what
reference you want to cite.

$\bullet$  Footnotes to the byline should precede the
references and should not be numbered.  Provide a label in
square brackets following the \btt{label} command.
For {\em Physical Review A, B, C,} and {\em D,}
use [{\tt*}], [\btt{dag}],  [\btt{ddag}], [\btt{S}], [{\tt**}],
[\btt{dag}\btt{dag}],  [\btt{ddag}\btt{ddag}], [\btt{S}\btt{S}]
in the order listed. This conforms to the requirements
detailed in {\em The Style and Notation Guide}.

\bigskip

\subsection{Figure captions}

Figure captions are a part of the compuscript and should appear after
the references. They should be input
sequentially in the order in which they are
cited in the text; \LaTeX\  will label and number the captions
FIG.~1, FIG.~2, etc.

Note below the use of
the \btt{label} command; this is used to cross-reference
figures in text. The \btt{label} command should be inserted
after the text of the figure caption, before the final
curly bracket.

\smallskip

\leftline{\bf input:}
\begin{verbatim}
\figure{Text of first caption.\label{fig1}}

\figure{This is the second caption:
comparison of the differential cross sections
for the subprocess $qg \rightarrow qggg$ of our
approximation (dotted line) versus the
approximation of Maxwell together with the use
of the effective structure function
approximation(solid line).\label{fig2}}

\end{verbatim}
\leftline{\bf output:}

\figure{Text of first caption.\label{fig1}}

\figure{This is the second caption:
comparison of the differential cross sections
for the subprocess $qg \rightarrow qggg$ of our
approximation (dotted line) versus the approximation
of  Maxwell together with the  use of the
effective structure function approximation
(solid line).\label{fig2}}

\bigskip

Figures are cited in text with the use of  the \btt{ref} command:

\smallskip

\leftline{\bf input:}
\begin{verbatim}
...It can be seen from Fig.\ \ref{fig1} that
the data are inconsistent with this
conclusion...
\end{verbatim}

\leftline{\bf output:}

\smallskip

...It can be seen from Fig.\ \ref{fig1} that
the data are inconsistent with this conclusion...

\smallskip

\noindent
Further information on cross-referencing can be found
in Sec.~\ref{sec:xrefs}.

Figures and illustrations are submitted as originals or glossy prints.
Follow the rules in the \SNG\  for style and specifications.

\subsection{Tables}

Tables are a part of the compuscript and should appear at the end of
the file.  Every table must have a complete caption and the correct
number of descriptive column headings.  Tables may be narrow
(8.6~cm or 3.4~in.\ wide), medium (14~cm or 5.5~in.\ wide),
or wide (17.8~cm or  7.0~in.\ wide), in galley format.
An example of each appears in the sample compuscript input.
Tables will be sized at the production site to be set narrow, medium,
or wide (according to the number of columns, type of material, etc.).
(When using the preprint form for {\em REVTEX\/}, all tables will
be set 6~in.\ wide.  {\em REVTEX\/} will ignore \btt{narrowtext},
\btt{mediumtext}, and \btt{widetext} commands if the front matter
of the file calls for the preprint form.)

Each table must begin with \btt{begin}$\{${\tt table}$\}$,
and end with \btt{end}$\{${\tt table}$\}$.
Follow current {\em Physical Review\/}
style concerning placement of table lines.  (See examples in this
guide and recent issues of {\em Physical Review}.)  The table
commands will set double horizontal
lines appearing at the beginning and end of the table;
a single horizontal rule should be set after the column headings with
the use of the \btt{tableline} command.
Extra sets of column headings within the table will require another
\btt{tableline} to separate the headings from the column entries.
Do not insert any other horizontal or vertical
lines in the body of the table.

Since tables are automatically numbered,
the \btt{label} command is used with the \btt{ref} command
to cite tables in text.  The \btt{label} command should
appear after the \btt{end}{\tt $\{$tabular$\}$ }and
before the \btt{end}{\tt$\{$table$\}$} command.
\bigskip

\leftline{\bf Some special table considerations:}

\smallskip


$\bullet$ {\em Numerical columns\/} should align on the decimal point
(or decimal points if more than one is
present). See Sample Compuscript A.

$\bullet$ Use \$ delimiters for all math in
a table (no displayed equation commands).  See Sample Compuscript A.

$\bullet$ {\em  Footnotes\/} in a table must be labeled a, b, c, etc.
See Sample Compuscript A.

$\bullet$ {\em Extra wide tables\/}
that will not fit into the 17.8-cm or 7.0-in.\ designation
can be manipulated by the production staff to produce a turned table
that will appear lengthwise on a page.  A cover letter requesting
this special handling should accompany tape submittal.
The author can use the \btt{squeezetable} command with tables that
do not fit on the page.

\bigskip
Authors should consider the feasibility of depositing extensive
tabular material in the Physics Auxiliary Publication Service
of the American Institute of Physics.  This material will usually
be included in the Microfilm edition of the {\em Physical~Review}.
For details, please write to the Editorial Office.

\section{CROSS-REFERENCING}
\label{sec:xrefs}

{\em REVTEX\/} has built-in features for autonumbering of
section headings, equations, tables, and figures.
This section contains a simplified explanation of
cross-referencing features.  The format for using these
features with section headings, equations, tables, and figures
is discussed in the appropriate section.

Cross-referencing depends upon the use of ``tags,'' which
are defined by the user.  The \btt{label} command is used
to identify tags for \TeX . Tags are strings of characters that
serve to label equations, tables, and  figures, so that
you don't need to know what number {\em REVTEX\/} has assigned to
the item in order to talk about it in text.

You will need to \LaTeX\ the original file more than once to
ensure that the tags have been properly
linked to appropriate numbers.  If you add any tags,
you will need to \LaTeX\ more than once in subsequent work sessions:
 \LaTeX\ will
display an error message that ends with {\tt ... Rerun
to get cross-references right}.
If you see that message, \LaTeX\ the file again.
If the error message appears after two \LaTeX ings,
please check your labels; you probably have referred to
an item in text without tagging the item.

You may not need to know (or care to know) all about what
\LaTeX\ is doing for autonumbering; however, you may want to know that
when you \LaTeX\ the file for the first time, an
auxiliary file with the {\tt .aux} filename extension will be
created that connects numbers with their tags.  Subsequent
\LaTeX ing accesses the auxiliary file to put the proper number
in the text.

Sample Compuscript A illustrates the use of cross-referencing.


\widetext


\section{COMPUSCRIPT SAMPLES}
\label{sec:samples}

In the following pages is a short annotated sample compuscript
(Sample A)  in input and output form.  The various parts
of the compuscript are  explained as well
as the associated galley formatting commands (macros).
The input follows the output.

The {\em REVTEX\/} galley macro package produces
single-column galleys (sometimes double-column width for
long equations, wide figures,
and tables).  The galleys are sent to
the art department where the output
and figures are combined in a two-column format onto camera-ready
boards that are then sent to the printer.

Please review the various sections of the output and compare
to the input.

For a more comprehensive example of compuscript input, see
Sample Compuscript B (galley format and preprint format).


\subsection{Sample Compuscript A}
%% NOTE:
%% The compuscript sample that appears here in the Input Guide
%% is actually the file SMPLEA.TEX, and is included separately in the
%% toolbox.

\subsection{Sample Compuscript B -- Galley Format}
%% NOTE:
%% The compuscript sample that appears here in the Input Guide
%% is actually the file SMPLEB.TEX, and is included separately in the
%% toolbox.

\subsection{Sample Compuscript B -- Preprint Format}
%% NOTE:
%% The compuscript sample that appears here in the Input Guide
%% is actually the file SMPLEC.TEX, and is included separately in the
%% toolbox.

\mediumtext
\appendix{Command list}
\label{sec:commands}

In the following pages is a brief description of some
necessary commands.
Those commands that are unique to {\em REVTEX\/} are so noted
with {\tt (R)}. Please consult the \LaTeX\ {\em User's Guide and
Reference Manual\/} if you have further questions
regarding \LaTeX\ commands.

If commands require arguments, they are so noted
with \#{\tt 1}, \#{\tt 2}, etc.
The commands are in order of their probable occurrence in a file.

\vskip .5in
\begin{verbatim}
\documentstyle[#1]{aps} Will allow for proper formatting of paper; use
                        [preprint,revtex] for #1 if preprint format
                        is desired, and use [revtex] for #1 if galley
                        format is desired. To number equations by
                        section, use the eqsecnum option:
                        [revtex,eqsecnum].

\tightenlines           Preprint style outputs a double-spaced
                        manuscript.  When used in preprint style,
                        this command reverts to single spacing to
                        save paper. Has no effect in galley style.
                        Use before \begin{document}. (R)

\begin{document},       Necessary in the beginning and end of file.
\end{document}

\preprint{#1}           When used as the first command of a document,
                        places #1 at the top right corner of the first
                        page in preprint style. Used for site-specific
                        preprint numbers. (R)

\draft                  Omission of this command will cause printing
                        of PACS numbers to be stifled. (R)

\begin{title},          Signals beginning or end of title. The title
\end{title}             should be broken with the \\ command.

\author{#1}             #1 represents a list of authors. Use \\ to force
                        linebreaks.

\begin{instit},         Signals beginning or end of an author's address
\end{instit}            (institution). The address should be
                        broken with \\ if necessary.

\receipt{#1}            #1 represents the date of receipt at the
                        Editorial Offices. This date will be
                        inserted at the production site. (R)

\begin{abstract},       Signals the beginning or end of the abstract.
\end{abstract}

\pacs{#1}               #1 represents valid PACS numbers. This command
                        should be used after the abstract, even if
                        #1 is empty. (R)

\narrowtext             For galley format, will set all text that
                        follows into a 3 3/8 in. column. Does not
                        affect preprint output. (R)

\mediumtext             For galley format, will set figure captions
                        and tables 5 1/2 in. wide. Does not
                        affect preprint output. (R)

\widetext               For galley format, will set all text that
                        follows into a 7 in. wide column. Does not
                        affect preprint output. (R)

\section{#1}            #1 represents a primary heading. Fragile
                        commands should be preceded by \protect.

\subsection{#1}         #1 represents a secondary heading. Fragile
                        commands should be preceded by \protect.

\subsubsection{#1}      #1 represents a third-level heading. Fragile
                        commands should be preceded by \protect.

\cite{#1}               Sets a reference or byline footnote citation.
                        #1 represents a list of reference tags used with
                        \bibitem. Lists of consecutive numbers will
                        be collapsed; e.g., 1,2,3 will become 1-3.

\case{#1}/{#2}          Sets textstyle (smaller) fractions in displayed
                        equations. #1 is the numerator, #2 is
                        denominator. (R)

\openone                Produces an openface one. (R)

\alt,\agt               Produce "approximately less than" and
                        "approximately greater than" signs,
                        respectively, in math mode. (R)

\FL                     Sets the displayed equation that follows
                        flush left with the  margin. (R)

\FR                     Sets the displayed equation that follows
                        flush right. (R)

\[,\]                   Signals beginning or end of unnumbered
                        displayed equation.

\begin{eqnarray},       Signals beginning or end of multiline
\end{eqnarray}          displayed equation.

\nonumber               Suppresses the numbering of a single
                        line in a multiline equation.

\begin{quasitable},     Environment to produce tables in text. See
\end{quasitable}        Sample B in the REVTEX guide for an example.

\label{#1}              #1 represents the tag. This command appears in
                        displayed equations that need cross-referencing,
                        all tables, and all figure captions. Also used
                        following section headings that need
                        cross-referencing.

\ref{#1}                #1 represents the tag. This command appears
                        in text wherever sections, equations, tables,
                        or figures are cited.

\nonum                  Stifles numbering of the immediately following
                        section heading.

\acknowledgments        Sets a section heading for the acknowledgment
                        section.

\appendix{#1}           Sets #1 as a lettered appendix heading.
                        #1 can be empty.  To be used when there are
                        multiple appendixes.  \protect should be used
                        for fragile commands.  Appendixes should not
                        be started with \section{#1}.

\unletteredappendix{#1} Same as \appendix, but produces no letter.
                        To be used when there is only one appendix.

\begin{references},     Signals beginning or end of reference section.
\end{references}

\bibitem[#1]{#2}        Sets a reference in the reference section.
                        #1 represents an optional, author-specified
                        reference symbol. This is used for byline
                        footnotes, which are not numbered in
                        Physical Review.
                        #2 represents the reference tag.

\figure{#1\label{#2}}   Sets the figure caption.
                        #1 represents the text of the caption.
                        #2 represents the figure caption tag.

\newpage                Signals start of new page.

\begin{table},          Signals the beginning or end of a table.
\end{table}

\dec #1.#2              This command may be used for simple
                        decimal-point alignments in tables.
                        #1.#2 represents a number to be aligned
                        by the decimal point. The decimal point and a
                        space after #2 are mandatory. \dec uses
                        constant-width boxes for #1 and #2. For
                        best results you can set the widths with
                        \setdec. See Sample A. (R)

\setdec #1.#2           This command is used to set the amount of space
                        reserved on each side of the decimal point by
                        the \dec command. Use \setdec inside a table
                        to set the size of \dec for the numbers used
                        in that table only, or outside a table to set
                        the size globally.  \setdec 000.000 is the
                        default.  See Sample Compuscript A. (R)

\squeezetable           Used immediately after \begin{table}, shrinks
                        tables that would not otherwise fit. (R)

\caption{#1}            Sets the table caption. #1 represents the
                        text of the caption.

\begin{tabular}{#1}     Signals the beginning of the tabular material.
                        #1 represents formatting commands for
                        the columns.

\tableline              Sets a horizontal rule, separating column
                        headings from data. (R)

\end{tabular}           Signals end of tabular material.

\tablenotes{#1}         Sets footnotes to the table. #1 represents
                        text of footnote. These  footnotes are not
                        autonumbered: text of footnote must be
                        preceded by a roman letter in a superscript to
                        coincide with the citation in table. (R)

\end{verbatim}

\widetext
\newpage
\appendix{Upgrading to {\em REVTEX\/} 2.0}
\label{sec:upgrade}

\catcode`\@=11
\def\alt{\mathrel{\mathpalette\vereq<}}
\def\vereq#1#2{\lower3pt\vbox{\baselineskip1.5pt \lineskip1.5pt
\ialign{$\m@th#1\hfill##\hfil$\crcr#2\crcr\sim\crcr}}}
\def\agt{\mathrel{\mathpalette\vereq>}}
\def\openone{\leavevmode
 \hbox{\small1\kern\iftwelvepointon-3.8pt\else-3.3pt\fi\@normalsize1}%
}
\def\xxx{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char`\ }} % visible space
\catcode`\@=12
%

\begin{table}
\caption{This table is a summary of the new commands and capabilities
of {\em REVTEX\/} 2.0. \xxx\ denotes an input space. See the
{\em REVTEX\/} 2.0 manual for examples of usage.
{\bf Note}: if you wish to run {\em REVTEX\/} 2.0 on
files formatted with an old version, you should first delete the
{\tt.aux} file. The auxiliary-file formats are incompatible.}
\begin{tabular}{lp{12cm}}
 \tt\string    eqsecnum& This style option replaces the old
\verb+\math-with-secnums+ command.      \\[4pt]
 \tt\string    \tightenlines& This command has been added since
 the preprint style now produces double-spaced output. This command,
 placed before the \verb+\begin{document}+, will give
 {\em single}-spaced output in the preprint style. This may be more
 convenient for the author while the paper is being written. \\[4pt]
 \tt\string \preprint\{\#1\}&This command should be used just before
 the title. It will place its argument in the upper-right corner of
 the page.  To be used for site-specific information
 (e.g., preprint numbers).\\[4pt]
 title environment&  You now need to break the lines of the title with
\verb=\\=. The title is not set in boldface.     \\[4pt]
 \tt\string    \author\{\#1\}& The author list will be broken
 automatically if
it does not fit on one line. Breaks can be forced with
\verb+\\+.  \\[4pt]
 \tt\string    \moreauthors\{\#1\}& This command is no longer needed.
 It has been set equal to {\tt\string\authors\{\#1\}}.  \\[4pt]
 instit environment&  Line breaks must now be forced with
 \verb+\\+.\\[4pt]
 \tt\string    \onlinecite\{\#1\}& This will produce a reference
 citation with the number on line with the text. Can also be used as
{\tt\string\citenum\{\#1\}}. These commands and \verb+\cite+ all
collapse lists automatically.  \\[4pt]
 \tt\string   \overlay\{\#1\}\{\#2\} & To print two symbols on
 top of each other.\\[4pt]
 \tt\string   \FR & This command will flush an equation or eqnarray
to the right in galley mode.\\[4pt]
 \tt\string\eqnum\{\#1\}& Now accepts any legal number as an argument,
including primes, etc. Can be used in eqnarrays and equations
and with \verb+\label+ and \verb+\ref+. This is
transparent to the normal autonumbering.\\[4pt]
  mathletters environment &
This is an environment to ``number'' equations with letters;
e.g., (1a),(1b),(1c). Works with equations and eqnarrays.      \\[4pt]
  \verb+\openone+& Produces an openface one (\openone).\\[4pt]
  \verb+\alt,\agt+ & Produce $\alt$,$\agt$ in math mode.\\[4pt]
  \vtop{\hbox{\verb+\begin{quasitable},+}
\vskip2pt\hbox{\verb+\end{quasitable}+}}  &
Environment to produce tables in text.
See Sample B in the  {\em REVTEX} guide for an example.\\[4pt]
 \vtop{\hbox{\tt\string\section\{\#1\}, \string\subsection\{\#1\},}
\vskip2pt
\hbox{\tt\string\subsubsection\{\#1\}}}&
All can now be broken with \verb+\\+, and all
work with \verb+\label+ and \verb+\ref+. {\tt\string\protect} is
needed (and works) with fragile commands in headings. Not bold.\\[4pt]
 \tt\string    \acknowledgments&
Produces a heading for the acknowledgments.       \\[4pt]
 \tt\string    \appendix\{\#1\}&
Used for the appendix headings in a paper with more than one appendix.
Automatically produces letters in sequence, and uses the letter in
equation numbers. Works with \verb+\label+ and \verb+\ref+. Fragile
commands need to be {\tt\string\protect}'d.  The curly brackets must
be present, but may be empty. Not bold.\\[4pt]
 \tt\string \unletteredappendix\{\#1\}& Similar to \verb+\appendix+,
but produces no letter. Should be used when there is a
single appendix in a paper. \\[4pt]
 \tt\string  \bibitem & The optional argument is now truly optional.
The references will now all be numbered automatically, and no
arguments in square brackets should be used except
where byline footnotes are needed.     \\[4pt]
 table environment & LaTeX's @ command for specifying a tabular format
has been re-enabled inside a table environment. This allows authors to
align columns by the LaTeX trick of smashing two columns together (see
Sample Compuscript A).
Tables no longer produce monolithic boxes. Instead the output
is much more like lines of regular text, allowing
tables to break over pages.  \\[4pt]
 \tt\string  \setdec\xxx \#1.\#2\xxx & This command is used to set
 the amount of space reserved on each side of the period by the
 \verb+\dec+ command. See Sample Compuscript A.\\[4pt]
\tt\string\squeezetable & There may be tables that will not fit in the
width provided by the preprint style. Inserting this command right
after the table environment begins will shrink the type in a table,
helping it to fit.
 %\tt\string    &       \\[4pt]
 %\tt\string    &       \\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}


\narrowtext
\newpage

\appendix{FAST FACTS FOR NEW PARTICIPANTS}
\label{sec:fastfacts}

Since 1980 the American Physical Society has been accepting
computer files from authors and using those files (``compuscripts'')
in the preparation of their galleys. In 1987 a research and
development effort was launched to expand this service to include
\TeX -formatted compuscripts. We have been publishing
\TeX\ compuscripts since 1988.

\medskip
{\bf Benefits to Author: Reduced Proofreading}. Since
galleys are composed from virtually the same file that produced
the manuscript, proofreading time can be reduced significantly.

\medskip
{\bf How to Qualify: Use {\em REVTEX} or  \LaTeX\ Macros}.
The APS has developed a ``compuscript toolbox,'' which is
composed of macros, a {\em Physical Review Input Guide
for \TeX\ Author-Prepared Compuscripts}, a {\em Style
and Notation Guide}, and complete instructions on how to
install the macros.  The toolbox is designed to guide the author
in the preparation of a manuscript for the {\em Physical
Review}.

\medskip


{\bf Which Journals are Participants?} Papers
submitted to {\em Physical Review A, B, C,\/} or {\em D\/}
may qualify.

\medskip
{\bf Media for Compuscripts}. We can process
files received via electronic mail, DOS formatted floppy disk, and
even magnetic tapes from UNIX systems.

\medskip
{\bf How to Participate}.  Indicate your interest
in your cover letter when you make your {\bf original} submission.
We will contact you to confirm file qualification. Then we will
contact you if your manuscript is accepted for publication to
arrange file transfer.

\medskip
{\bf Obtaining the Toolbox and More Information}. Contact

\medskip
Peggy Sutherland

APS Liaison Office

500 Sunnyside Boulevard

Woodbury, New York~~11797

\medskip
(516) 349-7800, ext.\ 674

\medskip
E mail address: {\tt mis@apsedoff}


\appendix{COMMON AUTHOR QUESTIONS}
\label{sec:macros}

{\bf Page Charges.}
Historically, page charges for compuscripts have
fluctuated. The Council has, at various points
over the ten-year history of the program, voted
for reduced page charges, the elimination
of page charges, and full page charges for compuscripts.
At press time,  compuscripts were subject
to full page charges.

\bigskip
{\bf Macros.}
Some authors use specialized definitions, or macros,
in their files.  These definitions serve different
purposes:  some macros save the author from typing
a long character string repetitively (Type 1), and  some macros
act as commands to the \TeX\ program or the troff
program (Type 2).

\smallskip
{\bf How macros become problematic.}
Type-1 macros enable the author to define a frequently
occurring string of characters as a shorter string, in
order to save typing time. These macros become
problematic at production stage when the frequently
occurring string needs stylistic or grammatical changes.
At that point, the production of the compuscript requires
either (1) evaluation by a staff member who is fluent in
macro construction, because the macro will need to
changed, or (2) additional attention by a staff member
who will change every occurrence of the string manually
in the file.

Neither one of the two alternatives is in the
spirit of the compuscript program: the author of
the compuscript will need to proofread the galleys
very carefully, and production time/cost has become
inflated by processing as a compuscript!

Type-2 macros enable the author to give commands to the \TeX\
program. Authors need to do this when the
macro package they are using does not contain a command
that they need.

Type-2 macros frequently occur in \LaTeX\ compuscripts.
This is because the macros do not provide for certain
elements of {\em Physical Review} style; for instance,
letters in equation numbers. Authors who are using \LaTeX\ to
compose their compuscripts would need to develop
a command that would number their equations (1a), (1b), etc.

Type-2 macros should not occur in {\em REVTEX\/} compuscripts. The
{\em REVTEX\/} macros ideally represent a complete command set,
allowing the author to do anything that Physical Review style
allows.

Since our first release of {\em REVTEX\/}, some
authors have given us feedback on macros that they
would like included in the {\em REVTEX\/} package, as well
as changes they would like made.  Some of
these suggestions are feasible (accurate double
spacing) and some are not (the ability to draw
many horizontal lines within the tabular environment).
Relevant suggestions have been incorporated in
v2.0 of {\em REVTEX\/}.  The APS will review compuscripts
containing Type-2
macros when authors feel that they have found a deficiency
in {\em REVTEX\/}.

{\bf Authors should remove all macros from their
compuscripts.} Type-1 macros are easy to remove, with
the aid of a word processor which is equipped to
do global substitutions. Type-2 macros are
not easy to remove; authors may not be able to
do so and therefore will be ineligible for the compuscript
program.  This of course does not prevent them from
making their original submission electronically.

This represents the current policy for compuscript
page charges and macro usage, which is subject to
change. If you have any questions regarding
these issues please contact the authors of this guide.


\appendix{CONTACTS}
\label{sec:contacts}

\vskip.5pc
\begin{quasitable}
\begin{tabular}{p{1.5in}p{1.5in}}
\noindent{\bf REVTEX \mbox{questions/}\par technical support$^*$}\par
\vskip4pt\hrule width1.5in\vskip4pt
C.\ Hamlin                \par
{\tt mis@apsedoff}\par
\vskip4pt
P.\ Sutherland\par
{\tt mis@apsedoff}\par
&
\noindent{\bf Electronic mail\par submissions$^{**}$}\par
\vskip4pt\hrule width1.5in\vskip4pt
L.\ Siddons               \par
{\tt tex@apsedoff}\par
\\[.75pc]
\noindent{\bf \mbox{Policy questions$^*$}\par}
\vskip4pt\hrule width1.5in\vskip4pt
C.\ Hamlin                \par
P.\ Sutherland\par
&
\noindent{\bf Manuscript status\par queries$^{**}$}\par
\vskip4pt\hrule width1.5in\vskip4pt
\tt
pra@apsedoff\par prb@apsedoff\par prc@apsedoff\par prd@apsedoff\par
\\[.75pc]
\noindent{\bf MIS project\par development questions$^*$}\par
\vskip4pt\hrule width1.5in\vskip4pt
P.\ Sutherland\par
&
\end{tabular}
\end{quasitable}

\noindent $^*$American Physical Society Liaison Office, 500 Sunnyside
Boulevard, Woodbury NY 11797.

\smallskip

\noindent$^{**}$Editorial Offices, 1 Research Road, Ridge, NY 11961.



\end{document}
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