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\chapter{Ýõ áýëòãýõ}

\begin{intro}
  ìí°õ á³ëãýýñ \LaTeXe{} äýýð ýõ áýëòãýõ ³íäñýí óõàãäàõóóíóóäûã ìýäýæ àâñàí áèëýý. Òýãâýë ýíýõ³³ á³ëãýýð ýõ áýëòãýõýä øààðäëàãàòàé ìýäâýë çîõèõ áóñàä á³òö³³äèéã ñóäëàõ áîëíî.
\end{intro}

\section{Ýõ áà õýëíèé á³òýö}
\secby{Õàíñ Ïåòåð Øìèä (Hanspeter Schmid)}{hanspi@schmid-werren.ch}
Ýõ áýëòãýõýä àíõààðàõ ãîë ç³éë íü ýõèéí ãîë ñàíààã èëýðõèéëýõèéí òóëä, ýõèéã óíøèõàä îéëãîìæòîé áàéõààð ýìõ öýãöòýé, ó÷èðç³éí íàðèéí ÷àíä äàðààëàëä îðóóëæ °ã°õ°ä îðøèíî.

\LaTeX{} íü áóñàä ò°ðëèéí ýõ áýëòãýõ ñèñòåì³³äýýñ, ýõèéã ëîãèê áîëîí °ã³³ëáýðç³éí á³òýöòýéãýýð áýëòãýäýã á°ã°°ä èíãýñíýýð ýõèéã, áàðèìò áîëîí áóñàä ò°ðëèéí ôàéëóóäàä çàðëàñàí ``ä³ðìèéí'' äàãóó áîëîâñðóóëäãààðàà ÿëãàðäàã.

\LaTeX{}-ä (åð íü õýâëýëä) ýõèéí õàìãèéí ÷óõàë ç³éë íü \wi{äîãîë ì°ð} (ïàðàãðàô) áàéäàã. ``Ç³éë'' ãýñíèé ó÷èð íü, äîãîë ì°ð íü °°ðò°°, õàì ñýäâèéí íýãýýõýí ñàíààã áóþó ò³³íòýé óÿëäàà õîëáîî á³õèé àãóóëãûã áàãòààäàãò îðøèíî. Äàðààãèéí äýä á³ëãýýñ ýõýä õýðõýí ì°ð òàñëàõ, æèøýýëáýë \texttt{\bs\bs}, ì°í õýðõýí øèíý äîãîë ì°ð ýõë³³ëýõ, æèøýýëáýë ýõ êîäîä õîîñîí ì°ð àâàõ òàëààð òóñ òóñ ñóäëàõ áîëíî. Åð íü øèíý ñàíààã äîãîë ì°ð°°ñ, õàðèí õóó÷èí áóþó äàõèí äàâòàãäñàí ñàíààã øèíý ì°ð°°ñ äîãîë àâàëã³éãýýð øóóä ýõë³³ëäýã.

Èõýíõ õ³ì³³ñ äîãîë ì°ðèéã õýäèéä ÿìàð í°õö°ëä àâàõ òàëààð äóòóó äóëèìàã îéëãîëòòîé ÿâäãààñ áîëæ, ÿëàíãóÿà \LaTeX{} äýýð äîãîë ì°ðèéã çàìáàðààã³é õýðýãëýäýã. Ýíý àëäàà èõýíõäýý òåêñòýä òîìü¼î îðóóëàõ ³åä òîõèîëääîã. Äàðààõ æèøýýí³³äýýñ ÿìàð òîõèîëäîëä òîìü¼îíû °ìí° áîëîí õîéíî õîîñîí ì°ð (äîãîë ì°ð) àâäàã, ÿìàð òîõèîëäîëä àâäàãã³é áîëîõûã òîäðóóëöãààÿ. (Ýäãýýð æèøýýíä ãàð÷ áàéãàà òóøààëóóä òàíä îäîîõîíäîî îéëãîìæã³é ñàíàãäâàë äàðààãèéí á³ëãèéã óíøààä äàõèí ýíý á³ëãèéã ñóäëàõûã ç°âë°å.)

\begin{code}
\begin{verbatim}
% Example 1
Ýéíøòåéí °°ðèéí, òóõàéí ³åäýý îëíîî àëäàðøñàí
áîëîâ÷ ö°°í òîîíû õ³íä îéëãîãäîæ áàéñàí
\begin{equation}
  e = m \cdot c^2 \; ,
\end{equation}
òîìü¼îãîî òàíèëöóóëàõàä \ldots


% Example 2
\ldots Êèðõãîôûí öàõèëãààí ã³éäëèéí õóóëèàñ:
\begin{equation}
  \sum_{k=1}^{n} I_k = 0 \; .
\end{equation}

õýä õýäýí äàâóó òàë á³õèé \ldots


% Example 3
\ldots Êèðõãîôûí öàõèëãààí õ³÷äýëèéí õóóëèéã ãàðãàæ áîëíî.

\begin{equation}
  I_D = I_F - I_R
\end{equation}
ýíý íü ÿëãààòàé òðàíçèñòîðóóäûí ö°ì þì. \ldots
\end{verbatim}
\end{code}

Ýõèéí óäààõ ç³éë íü °ã³³ëáýð áàéäàã. Àíãëè õýëýíä °ã³³ëáýð õîîðîíäûí çàéã òîâ÷èëñîí ³ã õîîðîíäûí çàéíààñ óðò àâäàã áà \LaTeX{}-ò ³³íèéã òîõèðóóëàí ñîíãîæ áîëäîã. Ýíý òóõàé ýíýõ³³ á³ëãèéí ò°ãñã°ëä òàéëáàðëàõ áîëíî.

Ýõ íü ãèø³³í °ã³³ëáýðýýñ á³òýõ íü áèé. Èõýíõ õýëí³³ä öýã òàñëàëûí íàðèéí ò°â°ãòýé ä³ðýìòýé áàéäàã áîë çàðèì íü (Ãåðìàí, Àíãëè) áîãèíî çîãñîëòûã òàñëàëààð òýìäýãëýäýã ä³ðýìòýé.\footnote{Ìîíãîë õýëíèé õóâüä òàñëàë òàâèõã³é áîë °ã³³ëáýðèéí óòãà õóâèðàõ áóþó á³ðõýã áîëîõ ãàçàðò òàñëàë çààâàë òàâèíà.} Òàñëàëûã õààíà òàâèõ ýñýõýä ýðãýëçýæ áàéâàë °ã³³ëáýðèéã ÷àíãààð óíøèõ ÿâöàä áîãèíîîð àìüñãàë àâàõ õýñýãò òàñëàë òàâèíà ãýñýí ³ã. Çàðèì ãàçàð ÿðâèãòàé áàéâàë òàñëàë òàâèëã³é; àìüñãàà àâàõ ãàçðóóäàä (ò³ð çîãñîëò) òàñëàë òàâèõ þì.

Ýöýñò íü, ýõýä ç³éëèéã á³ëýã, äýä á³ëýãò îðóóëàõ çýðãýýð äýýä ò°âøíèé íàðèéí ç³é òîãòîëä îðóóëàõ õýðýãòýé. Õýäèé òèéì áîëîâ÷, áè÷èãëýëèéí æèøýýëáýë{} \verb|\section{|\texttt{Ýõ áîëîí õýëíèé á³òýö}\verb|}| õýâëýëòèéí ³ð ä³í íü èëýðõèé ó÷ðààñ äýýä ò°âøíèé á³òöýä õýðõýí àøèãëàõ íü áàðàã òîäîðõîé þì.

\section{Ì°ð òàñëàõ áà õóóäàñ øèëæèõ}

\subsection{Ç³éëèéã òîõèðóóëàõ}

Íîìûí ì°ð á³ð èõýâ÷ëýí èæèë óðòòàéãààð õýâëýãääýã. \LaTeX{}, äîãîë ì°ðèéã ãàðãàõäàà øààðäëàãàòàé ãàçàð \wi{ì°ð òàñëàõ} áîëîí ³ã õîîðîíäîõ çàéã íýìýõ çýðãýýð çîõèöóóëäàã á°ã°°ä çàéëøã³é í°õö°ëä ³ãèéã ³åýð òàñàëäàã. Äîãîë ì°ðèéã õýðõýí ãàðãàõ íü áàðèìòûí ò°ðë°°ñ øàëòãààëíà. Èõýâ÷ëýí ì°ðèéí ýõëýëä äîãîë ³³ñãýäýã á°ã°°ä õî¼ð ç³éë õîîðîíä èë³³ äóòóó çàé àâäàãã³é. \ref{parsp}-ð äýä á³ëãýýñ äýëãýðýíã³éã ñîíèðõîíî óó.

Îíöãîé òîõèîëäîëä \LaTeX{}-ä ì°ð òàñëàõ äàðààõ òóøààëûã àøèãëàæ áîëíî:
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{\bs} áóþó \ci{newline}
\end{lscommand}
\noindent äýýðõ òóøààë íü äîãîë ãàðãàõã³éãýýð øèíý ì°ð ýõë³³ëíý.

\begin{lscommand}
\ci{\bs*}
\end{lscommand}
\noindent øèíý õóóäñàíä øèëæèõã³éãýýð ì°ð òàñàëíà.

\begin{lscommand}
\ci{newpage}
\end{lscommand}
\noindent øèíý õóóäàñíààñ ýõýëíý.

\begin{lscommand}
\ci{linebreak}\verb|[|\emph{n}\verb|]|,
\ci{nolinebreak}\verb|[|\emph{n}\verb|]|,
\ci{pagebreak}\verb|[|\emph{n}\verb|]|,
\ci{nopagebreak}\verb|[|\emph{n}\verb|]|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent òýãýýñ ä°ð°â õ³ðòýëõ óòãààñ õàìààð÷ òàñëàõ áîëîìæòîé (áîëîìæã³é) ãàçðóóäàä ``break'' òóøààë íü òàñëàëò õèéäýã. Èéíõ³³ ``break'' òóøààë òîäîðõîéëîãäîõîä \LaTeX{} òóõàéí õóóäàñíû õóâüä, óäààõ äýä á³ëýãò äóðäñàí÷ëàí ì°ð á³ðèéí óðòûã æèãäëýõ ³éëäëèéã äàâõàð ã³éöýòãýäýã õýäèé ÷ äýýðõ òóøààëûí áèåëýëòýýð æèãä áóñ çàé ãàðàõ íü áèé. Õàðèí ``new'' òóøààë íü åðä°° ``øèíý ì°ð'' ``øèíý õóóäàñ'' à÷ààëäàã ó÷ðààñ äýýðõýýñ ÿëãààòàé.

\LaTeX{} ÿìàãò õàìãèéí îíîâ÷òîé õóâèëáàðààð ì°ð òàñëàõûã ýðìýëçýíý. Õýðýâ òóõàéí ì°ðèéí ³ã õîîðîíäîõ çàéã ñàéòàð æèãäëýõ îíîâ÷òîé õóâèëáàð îëäîõã³é òîõèîëäîëä òóõàéí ì°ðèéí áàðóóí òàëûã áóñàä ì°ðòýé õàðüöóóëàõàä æèãäýëæ ³ë ÷àäâàë ýíý òóõàé \LaTeX{} îðîëòûí ôàéë áîëîâñðóóëàõ ÿâöàä (``\wi{overfull hbox}'') ãýñýí ìýäýýëýë °ãä°ã. Ãîëäóó ³ãèéã ³åýð òàñëàõàä îíîâ÷òîé õóâèëáàð îëäîîã³é òîõèîëäîëä ýíý àëäàà ãàðäàã.\footnote{Õýäèéãýýð \LaTeX{}-èéí (Overfull hbox) àëäàà çààñàí ì°ð á³ðèéã îëîõîä õ³íäðýëòýé áàéäàã ÷ \ci{documentclass} òóøààëä \texttt{draft} ñîíãîëòûã àøèãëàæ ç°ð÷èëòýé ì°ð á³ðèéí áàðóóí òàëûã òîäîòãîí òýìäýãë³³ëæ äýýðõ õ³íäðýëýýñ çàéëñõèéæ áîëäîã.}
Ñòàíäàðò æèãäð³³ëýëòèéã ñóëðóóëàõ \ci{sloppy} òóøààëûã \LaTeX{}-ò çàðëàõ òîõèîëäîëä æèãä áóñ ì°ðèéã, ³ã õîîðîíäûí çàéã °ìí°õ õóâèëáàðààñ íü èõýñãýõ áàéäëààð ì°ðèéí áàðóóí òàëûã æèãäýëäýã ÷ ãàðàõ ³ð ä³í íü ãîëäóó çîõèìæã³é õàðàãääàã. Ýíý òîõèîëäîëä (``\wi{underfull hbox}'') ãýñýí ìýäýýëýë °ãä°ã. ³íä \ci{fussy} òóøààëààð \LaTeX{}-èéí °ìí°õ òîõèðãîîã áóöààæ áîëíî.

\subsection{ãèéã ³åýð òàñëàõ} \label{hyph}

\LaTeX{} øààðäëàãàòàé òîõèîëäîëä ³ãèéã ³å øèëæ³³ëýí òàñàëäàã. Õýðýâ ³åëýõ àëãîðèòì ³ãèéã ç°â òàñàëæ ÷àäàõã³é áîë \TeX{}-èéí äîîðõ òóøààëààð àëäààã çàëðóóëæ áîëäîã áàéíà.
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{hyphenation}\verb|{|\emph{³ãñ}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent ³íä, ³åýð òàñëàõ ³ãñèéí òàñàëáàë çîõèõ ³å õîîðîíä ``\verb|-|'' òýìäýãòèéã òàâèíà. Óã òóøààëûí õóâüñàã÷ íü \LaTeX{}-èéí åðäèéí ³ñãýí òýìäýãòýýñ á³ðäýíý. Òóõàéí õýëíèé õóâüä ³å øèëæ³³ëýõ òóøààë òîõèîëäìîãö ³ãèéã ³åýð øèëæ³³ëýõ àæèëëàãàà èäýâõýæäýã. °ð°°ð õýëáýë, õýðýâ ³åýð òàñëàõ òóøààëûã áàðèìòûí ýõëýëä çàðëàâàë ýíý íü àíãëè õýëíèé ³åýð òàñëàõ òóøààëûí áèåëýëòýä í°ë°°ëí°, õàðèí \verb|\begin{document}| òóøààëûí àðä çàðëàâàë îëîí õýëíèé \pai{babel} áàãöààñ ñîíãîãäñîí òóõàéí õýëíèé ³åýð òàñëàõ ä³ðìèéí äàãóó ³ãèéã ³åýð òàñàëíà.

Äîîðõ æèøýýíä ``hyphenation'' ãýñýí, ÿëàíãóÿà ``Hyphenation'' ãýñýí ³ãèéã, ì°í ``FORTRAN'', ``Fortran'' áîëîí ``fortran'' õóâèëáàð á³õèé ³ãèéã õýðõýí ³åýð òàñëàõûã õàðóóëæýý.

Æèøýý:
\begin{code}
\verb|\hyphenation{FORTRAN Hy-phen-a-tion}|
\end{code}

å øèëæ³³ëýõ ä³ðìèéã \ci{-} òóøààëààð ã³éöýòãýæ áîëäîã á°ã°°ä ýíý íü ç°âõ°í óã òóøààë îðñîí ³ãýíä ë ³éë÷èëíý. \LaTeX{} òóñãàé òýìäýãò àãóóëñàí ³ãñèéã àâòîìàòààð ³å øèëæ³³ëäýãã³é ó÷ðààñ óã òóøààëûã òýäãýýð òóñãàé òýìäýãò àãóóëñàí ³ãñýä (æèøýýëáýë, °ðã°ëòòýé ³ãñýä) õýðýãëýõýä òîõèðîìæòîé áàéäàã.
%\footnote{Unless you are using the new
%\wi{DC fonts}.}.

\begin{example}
I think this is: su\-per\-cal\-%
i\-frag\-i\-lis\-tic\-ex\-pi\-%
al\-i\-do\-cious
\end{example}

Íýã ì°ðí°°ñ ñàëãàí øèëæ³³ëæ áîëîõã³é á³ëýã ³ãñèéã äàðààõ òóøààëûã àøèãëàí áàãöàëíà
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{mbox}\verb|{|\emph{òåêñò}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent Áàãöëàõ áîëñîí øàëòãààíûã äîîðõ òîõèîëäëóóäààð õàðóóëàâ.

\begin{example}
Ìèíèé óòàñíû äóãààð òóí óäàõã³é
\mbox{0116 291 2319} áîëíî.

\mbox{\emph{ôàéëûííýð}} ãýñýí
õóâüñàã÷ íü ôàéëûí íýðèéã àãóóëíà.
\end{example}

\ci{fbox} òóøààë íü \ci{mbox} òóøààëòàé ò°ñòýé ³³ðýã ã³éöýòãýäýã áîëîâ÷ òåêñòèéí ýðãýí òîéðîíä õ³ðýý ãàðãàäãààðàà ÿëãààòàé.


\section{Ò°ë°°íèé íèéëìýë òýìäýãò³³ä}

ìí°õ æèøýýíýýñ \LaTeX{}-èéí òóñãàé òýìäýãòèéã èëýðõèéëýõ õÿëáàð òóøààëóóäûã ³çñýí áèëýý:

\vspace{2ex}

\noindent
\begin{tabular}{@{}lll@{}}
Òóøààë&Æèøýý&Òàéëáàð\\
\hline
\ci{today} & \today   & í°°äðèéí îãíîî\\
\ci{TeX} & \TeX       & Òàíû äóðòàé ýõ áýëòãýã÷\\
\ci{LaTeX} & \LaTeX   & \LaTeX{}-èéí íýð\\
\ci{LaTeXe} & \LaTeXe & \LaTeX{}-èéí îäîîãèéí õóâèëáàð\\
\end{tabular}

\section{Òóñãàé òýìäýãò áîëîí òýìäã³³ä}

\subsection{Õàøèëò}

Ýõ áýëòãýõäýý \wi{õàøèëò}\index{""@\texttt{""}}ûã áè÷ãèéí ìàøèíä õýðýãëýäýã \verb|"| òýìäýãòýýð òýìäýãëýæ \emph{áîëîõã³é}. Õýâëýëä õàøèëòûã òýìäýãëýõ íýýæ õààõ òóñãàé òýìäýãëýãýý áàéäàã. \LaTeX{}-èéí õóâüä õàøèëòûã íýýõäýý õîñ~\textasciigrave~(³ãèéí ³å òýìäýãëýõ òýìäýã) òýìäýãòèéã, õààõäàà õîñ~\textquotesingle~(áîñîî õàøèëò) òýìäýãòèéã òóñ òóñ àøèãëàíà. Ì°í ýäãýýðèéã äàíãààð íü õýðýãëýñýí ÷ áîëíî.\footnote{Õàøèëòàä ì°í õýä õýäýí ÿíçûí õààëò õýðýãëýæ áîëíî. Æèøýýëáýë, ôðàíö <<õààëò>>-ûã \texttt{<{}<} áà \texttt{>{}>} òýìäýãò³³äýýð, ãåðìàí ,,õààëò``-ûã \texttt{,{},} áà \texttt{`{}`} òýìäýãò³³äýýð òóñ òóñ ãàðãàæ áîëíî. \emph{Îð÷.}}
\begin{example}
```x' òîâ÷èéã äàðíà óó.''
\end{example}
íýíäýý ýäãýýð îðëóóëàõ òýìäýãò³³ä íü ôîíòûí ñîíãîëòûã ³ë õàðãàëçâàë ÿã ë íýýõ (\textasciigrave), õààõ (\textquotesingle) òýìäýã áàéãàà áèç äýý.

\subsection{Óðò áîãèíî çóðààñíóóä}

\LaTeX{}-ä ä°ðâ°í ò°ðëèéí \wi{çóðààñ} õýðýãëýãääýã. Òýäãýýðèéí ãóðàâ íü óðòààðàà ÿëãààòàé òîîíû öóâàà çóðààñíààñ á³ðääýã áîë íýã íü çóðààñíû ³³ðãèéã ³ë ã³éöýòãýõ ìàòåìàòèêèéí õàñàõ òýìäãèéã îðëîäîã: \index{-}
\index{--} \index{---} \index{-@$-$} \index{ìàòåìàòèê!õàñàõ}

\begin{example}
10-ð á³ëýã, Áàò-ëçèé\\
õóóäàñ 13--67, XII--XIII çóóí\\
Çóíû èä õàëóóí---7-ð ñàð ãàðëàà.\\
$0$, $1$ áà $-1$
\end{example}
Ýäãýýðèéã íýðëýâýë:
`-' \wi{áîãèíî çóðààñ}, `--' \wi{çóðààñ},\footnote{en-dash---Ýíý íü óãòàà óðòààðàà `n' ³ñãèéí °ðã°íòýé ä³éöýõ á°ã°°ä em-dash-èéí õàãàñòàé òýíöýíý.} `---' \wi{óðò çóðààñ}\footnote{em-dash---Óðòààðàà `m' ³ñãèéí °ðã°íòýé ä³éöíý.} áà
`$-$' \wi{õàñàõ òýìäýã}.

\subsection{Äîëãèîíòîé çóðààñ ($\sim$)}
\index{www}\index{URL}\index{äîëãèîíòîé çóðààñ}
Ýíý òýìäýãò èõýâ÷ëýí âåá õàÿãóóäàä àøèãëàãääàã. ³íèéã \LaTeX{} äýýð \verb|\~| ãýæ òýìäýãëýâýë, àðàé °°ð°°ð \~{} òýìäýãò ãàðíà, òýãâýë ³³íèé îðîíä àðàé °°ð òýìäýãò õýðýãëýýä ³çüå:

\begin{example}
http://www.rich.edu/\~{}bush \\
http://www.clever.edu/$\sim$demo
\end{example}

\subsection{Ãðàäóñûí òýìäýã \texorpdfstring{($\circ$)}{}}

\LaTeX{} äýýð \wi{ãðàäóñûí òýìäýã} õýðõýí òýìäýãëýãääýãèéã äîîðõ æèøýýãýýð ³ç³³ëýâ:

\begin{example}
$-30\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$-ò
áè ÿã õ°ëä°õ íü ýý.
\end{example}

\pai{textcomp} áàãöàä ãðàäóñûí òýìäýã àðàé õÿëáàðõàí \ci{textcelsius} ãýæ òýìäýãëýãääýã.

\subsection{Åâðî ì°íã°í òýìäýã \texorpdfstring{(\officialeuro)}{}}

Åâðî ì°íã°í òýìäýãò °ðã°í°°ð àøèãëàãäàõ áîëñíû õèðýýð, èõýíõ ôîíòóóä Åâðî òýìäãèéã àãóóëàõ áîëæýý. \pai{textcomp} áàãöûã áýëòãýæ áóé ýõèéíõýý ýõëýëä äàðààõ ìàÿãààð çàðëàæ
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{usepackage}\verb|{textcomp}|
\end{lscommand}
äàðààõ òóøààëààð ýíýõ³³ òýìäãèéã èëýðõèéëíý.
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{texteuro}
\end{lscommand}

Õýðýâ òàíû àøèãëàæ áóé ôîíòîä Åâðî òýìäýã àãóóëàãäààã³é áóþó óã ôîíòûí Åâðî òýìäýã íü òààëàãäàõã³é áîë °°ð õî¼ð ÿíçûí ôîíòîîñ ñîíãîëò õèéæ áîëíî:

Ýõíèéõ íü \pai{eurosym} áàãöàä àãóóëàãäàõ Åâðî òýìäãèéí àëáàí ¼ñíû çàãâàð:
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{usepackage}\verb|[|\emph{official}\verb|]{eurosym}|
\end{lscommand}
Õýðýâ Åâðî òýìäãèéí çàãâàðûã °°ðèéí àøèãëàæ áóé ôîíòòîé èæèëñ³³ëýõèéã õ³ñâýë äýýðõ òóøààëûí \texttt{official} ãýñýí ñîíãîëòûã \texttt{gen} áîëãîæ °°ð÷ë°õ°ä õàíãàëòòàé.

%If the Adobe Eurofonts are installed on your system (they are available for
%free from \url{ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/type/win/all}) you can use
%either the package \pai{europs} and the command \ci{EUR} (for a Euro symbol
%that matches the current font).
% does not work
% or the package
% \pai{eurosans} and the command \ci{euro} (for the ``official Euro'').

%The \pai{marvosym} package also provides many different symbols, including a
%Euro, under the name \ci{EURtm}. Its disadvantage is that it does not provide
%slanted and bold variants of the Euro symbol.

\begin{table}[!htbp]
\caption{Åâðî òýìäã³³ä} \label{eurosymb}
\begin{lined}{10cm}
\begin{tabular}{llccc}
LM+textcomp  &\verb+\texteuro+ & \huge\texteuro &\huge\sffamily\texteuro
                                                &\huge\ttfamily\texteuro\\
eurosym      &\verb+\euro+ & \huge\officialeuro &\huge\sffamily\officialeuro
                                                &\huge\ttfamily\officialeuro\\
$[$gen$]$eurosym &\verb+\euro+ & \huge\geneuro  &\huge\sffamily\geneuro
                                                &\huge\ttfamily\geneuro\\
%europs       &\verb+\EUR + & \huge\EURtm        &\huge\EURhv
%                                                &\huge\EURcr\\
%eurosans     &\verb+\euro+ & \huge\EUROSANS  &\huge\sffamily\EUROSANS
%                                             & \huge\ttfamily\EUROSANS \\
%marvosym     &\verb+\EURtm+  & \huge\mvchr101  &\huge\mvchr101
%                                               &\huge\mvchr101
\end{tabular}
\medskip
\end{lined}
\end{table}

\subsection{Öóâàà öýã (\texorpdfstring{\ldots}{...})}

Áè÷ãèéí ìàøèíä \wi{öýã}, \wi{òàñëàë} íü ³ñýã õîîðîíäûí çàéãààðàà áóñàä ³ñã³³äèéíõýý ³ñýã õîîðîíäûí çàéòàé àäèë áàéäàã áîë õýâëýëä ýíý çàé íü áàãàñäàã ó÷ðààñ `\wi{öóâàà öýã}èéã' ãóðâàí öýãýýð ò°ë°°ë³³ëæ áîëîõã³é, õàðèí ³³íèé îðîíä òóñãàé òóøààëûã àøèãëàõ õýðýãòýé

\begin{lscommand}
\ci{ldots}
\end{lscommand}
\index{...@\ldots}


\begin{example}
³í øèã áèø ... õàðèí èíãýæ:\\
Íüþ-Éîðê, Òîêèî, Áóäàïåøò, \ldots
\end{example}

\subsection{Íèéëìýë ³ñã³³ä}

Çàðèì ³ñãèéí õîñëîëóóä ñàëàíãèä òýìäýãòýýð áóñ íèéëìýë ãàíö òýìäýãòýýð ä³ðñëýãääýã.
\begin{code}
{\large f{}f f{}i f{}l f{}f{}i \ldots}\quad ³³íèé îðîíä
\quad {\large ff fi fl ffi\ldots}
\end{code}
Õî¼ð ³ãíýýñ á³òñýí ³ãýíä \wi{íèéëìýë ³ñýã} õýðýãëýãäýõã³é òóë \ci{mbox}\verb|{}| òóøààëûã íèéëæ áîëîõ ³ñýã õîîðîíä îðóóëñíààð íèéëìýë ³ñýãò õóâèðãàõ àæèëëàãààã çîãñîîäîã.

\begin{example}
\Large shelfful áèø\\
õàðèí shelf\mbox{}ful
\end{example}

\subsection{ðã°ëò áîëîí òóñãàé òýìäýãò³³ä}

\LaTeX{} îëîí õýëýíä àøèãëàãääàã \wi{°ðã°ëò} áîëîí \wi{òóñãàé òýìäýãò}³³äèéã äýìæäýã. \ref{accents}-ð õ³ñíýãòýä òýäãýýð °ðã°ëò³³äèéã o ³ñãýýð æèøýýëýí ³ç³³ëýâ. Ýíý íü áóñàä ³ñã³³äýä ÷ ì°í àäèë ³éë÷èëíý.

i áîëîí j ³ñã³³äýä °ðã°ëò òàâèõäàà \verb|\i| áà \verb|\j| ãýæ áè÷äýã á°ã°°ä èíãýñíýýð òýäãýýð íü äýýðýý îãò öýãã³é áîëæ °°ð÷ë°ãä°í°.

\begin{example}
H\^otel, na\"\i ve, \'el\`eve,\\
sm\o rrebr\o d, !`Se\~norita!,\\
Sch\"onbrunner Schlo\ss{}
Stra\ss e
\end{example}

\begin{table}[!hbp]
\caption{ðã°ëò áîëîí òóñãàé òýìäýãò³³ä.} \label{accents}
\begin{lined}{10cm}
\begin{tabular}{*4{cl}}
\A{\`o} & \A{\'o} & \A{\^o} & \A{\~o} \\
\A{\=o} & \A{\.o} & \A{\"o} & \B{\c}{c}\\[6pt]
\B{\u}{o} & \B{\v}{o} & \B{\H}{o} & \B{\c}{o} \\
\B{\d}{o} & \B{\b}{o} & \B{\t}{oo} \\[6pt]
\A{\oe}  &  \A{\OE} & \A{\ae} & \A{\AE} \\
\A{\aa} &  \A{\AA} \\[6pt]
\A{\o}  & \A{\O} & \A{\l} & \A{\L} \\
\A{\i}  & \A{\j} & !` & \verb|!`| & ?` & \verb|?`|
\end{tabular}
\index{öýãã³é \i{} áà \j}\index{Ñêàíäèíàâûí ³ñã³³ä}
\index{ae@\ae}\index{umlaut}\index{grave}\index{acute}
\index{oe@\oe}\index{aa@\aa}

\bigskip
\end{lined}
\end{table}

\section{Îëîí õýëíèé äýìæëýã}
\index{îëîí õýë} Àíãëè õýëíýýñ áóñàä \wi{õýë} äýýð ýõ áýëòãýõ òîõèîëäîëä äàðààõ ãóðâàí í°õö°ë õàíãàãäñàí áàéâàë çîõèíî:

\begin{enumerate}
\item Àâòîìàòààð ³³ñýõ òåêñòèéí òýìäýãò³³ä\footnote{Õ³ñíýãòèéí æàãñààëò, çóðãèéí æàãñààëò, \ldots} òóõàéí õýëýíäýý íèéöñýí áàéíà. Éîõàííåñ Áðààìñûí (Johannes Braams) çîõèîñîí îëîí õýëíèé \pai{babel} áàãö íü îëîí õýëíèé òýìäýãò³³äèéã ÿëãàí òàíüäàã.
\item \LaTeX{}-ä òóõàéí õýëíèéõýý ³ã ³åëýõ ä³ðìèéã òàíèóëñàí áàéõ ¼ñòîé. ã ³åëýõ ä³ðìèéí ôàéëûã \LaTeX{}-ä øèíýýð áîëîâñðóóëíà ãýäýã æààõàí ÿðâèãòàé àñóóäàë áàéäàã. Ýíý òàëààðõ äýëãýðýíã³éã \guide{} òîâõèìëîîñ àâíà óó.
\item Òóõàéí õýëíèé õýâëýëèéí îíöëîã ä³ðì³³ä. Æèøýýëáýë ôðàíö õýëýíä, äàâõàð öýã (:) á³ðèéí °ìí° çàé àâäàã.
\end{enumerate}

Õýðýâ òàíû ñèñòåì, äýýðõ í°õö°ëèéã õàíãàñàí áîë \pai{babel} áàãöûã èäýâõæ³³ëýõ äîîðõ òóøààëûã \verb|\documentclass| òóøààëûí äîð çàðëàíà.
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{usepackage}\verb|[|\emph{õýë}\verb|]{babel}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent Áîëîâñðóóëàëò õèéõ á³ðä àøèãëàãäàæ áóé \emph{õýëí³³ä} \LaTeX{}-ä æàãñààëòààð õàðàãääàã. Èéíõ³³ babel ñîíãîñîí õýëýíä çîðèóëàãäñàí ³åëýõ ä³ðìèéã àâòîìàòààð èäýâõæ³³ëæ àøèãëàíà. Õýðýâ ñîíãîñîí õýë äýýðõ ³ã ³åëýõ ä³ðýì, áýëòãýæ áóé \LaTeX{} ôàéëûí ôîðìàòûã äýìæèõã³é áîë babel øààðäëàãàòàé ³ãèéã ³å øèëæ³³ëæ ÷àäàõã³éä õ³ðíý.

Îðîëòûí òóñãàé òýìäýãò³³äèéã õÿëáàð÷ëàõ òóøààëóóäûã \textsf{babel} çàðèì õýëí³³äýä àøèãëàäàã. Æèøýýëáýë, \wi{Ãåðìàí õýë}ýíä îëîí ò°ðëèéí (\"a\"o\"u) ãýõ ìýòèéí àâèà õýðýãëýãääýã. \"o ãýñýí àâèàã \textsf{babel}-ä \verb|\"o| ãýæ áèø åðä°° \verb|"o| ãýæ áè÷èæ îðóóëàõ æèøýýòýé.

Õýðýâ babel-ä íýãýí çýðýã õýä õýäýí õýë àøèãëàí ýõ áýëòãýõ øààðäëàãàòàé áîëëîî ãýõýä
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{usepackage}\verb|[|\emph{õýëÀ}\verb|,|\emph{õýëÁ}\verb|]{babel}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent ãýæ çàðëàõ á°ã°°ä ³³íä õàìãèéí ñ³³ëèéí õýë (æèøýý íü õýëÁ) íü ³íäñýí õýëýýð ñîíãîãäîíî. íäñýí õýëèéã
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{selectlanguage}\verb|{|\emph{õýëÀ}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent òóøààëààð °°ð÷èëæ áîëíî.

%Input Encoding
\newcommand{\ieih}[1]{%
\index{êîä÷èëëóóä!îðîëò!#1@\texttt{#1}}%
\index{îðîëòûí êîä÷èëëóóä!#1@\texttt{#1}}%
\index{#1@\texttt{#1}}}
\newcommand{\iei}[1]{%
\ieih{#1}\texttt{#1}}
%Font Encoding
\newcommand{\feih}[1]{%
\index{êîä÷èëëóóä!ôîíò!#1@\texttt{#1}}%
\index{ôîíò êîä÷èëëóóä!#1@\texttt{#1}}%
\index{#1@\texttt{#1}}}
\newcommand{\fei}[1]{%
\feih{#1}\texttt{#1}}

Ñ³³ëèéí ³åèéí èõýíõ ³éëäëèéí ñèñòåì³³ä îëîí óëñûí öàãààí òîëãîéí ³ñã³³äèéã äýìæäýã áîëæýý. \LaTeX{} òýäãýýð ÿëãààòàé êîä÷èëëûã îëîí õýë äýýð, îëîí ò°ðëèéí ³éëäëèéí ñèñòåì³³äýä áîëîâñðóóëàõäàà \pai{inputenc} áàãöûã àøèãëàäàã:
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{usepackage}\verb|[|\emph{êîä÷èëîë}\verb|]{inputenc}|
\end{lscommand}

Óã áàãöûã àøèãëàõ ÿâöàä, ÿëãààòàé êîä÷èëëîîñ øàëòãààëæ æèøýýëáýë, ãåðìàí õýëíèé \"a õóâüñàõ àâèà OS/2-ò 132 äàõü, Unix ñèñòåìèéí ISO-LATIN~1 êîä÷èëîëä 228 äàõü òýìäýãòýýð òóñ òóñ èëýðõèéëýãäýõ áîë Windows ñèñòåìèéí êèðèëë ³ñãèéí cp1251 êîä÷èëîëä ýíý òýìäýãò àãóóëàãääàãã³é. Àøèãëàæ áóé ñèñòåìýýñ õàìààðñàí äàðààõ êîä÷èëëóóäûã ìýäñýí áàéõàä èë³³äýõã³é.\footnote{Ëàòèí áîëîí êèðèëë ³ñã³³äýä ñóóðèëñàí îðîëòûí êîä÷èëîëòîé õîëáîîòîé äýëãýðýíã³é ìýäýýëëèéã \texttt{inputenc.dtx} áîëîí \texttt{cyinpenc.dtx} áàðèìòóóäààñ àâíà óó. Áàãöàëñàí áàðèìòûã õýðõýí áîëîâñðóóëàõ òàëààð \ref{sec:Packages}-ð á³ëýãò äóðäñàí áîëíî.}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l | r | r }
éëäëèéí & \multicolumn{2}{c}{êîä÷èëëóóä}\\
ñèñòåì  & Ëàòèí      & Êèðèëë\\
\hline
Mac     &  \iei{applemac} & \iei{macukr}  \\
Unix    &  \iei{latin1}   & \iei{koi8-ru}  \\
Windows &  \iei{ansinew}  & \iei{cp1251}    \\
DOS, OS/2  &  \iei{cp850} & \iei{cp866nav}
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

Õýðâýý îëîí õýë äýýð áýëòãýæ áóé áàðèìòûí îðîëòûí êîä÷èëîëä êîäûí ç°ð÷èë ³³ñâýë, \pai{ucs} áàãö àøèãëàæ îëîí áàéòûí êîä÷èëîëä (unicode) øèëæèæ áîëíî.


\begin{lscommand}
\ci{usepackage}\verb|{ucs}|\\
\ci{usepackage}\verb|[|\iei{utf8x}\verb|]{inputenc}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent ãýñýí òóøààëààð \LaTeX{}, òýìäýãò á³ð íü õàìãèéí áàãàäàà íýã áàéò, õàìãèéí èõäýý ä°ðâ°í áàéòààð èëýðõèéëýãäýõ îëîí áàéòûí \iei{utf8x} êîä÷èëëûã äýìæèíý.

Ôîíò êîä÷èëîë íü, ³ñýã á³ðèéí \TeX-ôîíò äîòîðõ áàéðøëûã òîäîðõîéëñíîîð îðîëòûí  êîä÷èëëóóäûã ãàíö ôîíò êîä÷èëîëä õàðãàëçóóëæ, øààðäàãäàõ ôîíòóóäûí áàãöûí òîîã áóóðóóëäãààðàà îðîëòûí êîä÷èëëîîñ ÿëãààòàé. Ôîíòûí êîä÷èëëûã \pai{fontenc} áàãöààñ äóóäíà: \label{fontenc}
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{usepackage}\verb|[|\emph{êîä÷èëîë}\verb|]{fontenc}| \index{ôîíò êîä÷èëëóóä}
\end{lscommand}
\noindent ³³íä \emph{êîä÷èëîë} íü ôîíòûí êîä÷èëîë. Íýãýí çýðýã õý÷íýýí ÷ êîä÷èëëûã äóóäàæ áîëíî.

\LaTeX{}-èéí ³íäñýí ôîíò êîä÷èëîë íü \TeX{}-èéí Computer Modern ýõ ôîíòûí \label{OT1} \fei{OT1} êîä÷èëîë áàéäàã. Ýíý íü 7-áèòèéí 128 òýìäýãòòýé ASCII êîä÷èëîëòîé á°ã°°ä \TeX{} íü °ðã°ëò°ò ýãøãèéã, åðäèéí òýìäýãò, °ðã°ëò õî¼ðûí õîñëîëîîð èëýðõèéëýõäýý òóõàéí °ðã°ëò°ò ýãøèã á³õèé ³ãèéã àâòîìàòààð ³å øèëæ³³ëýëã³é îðõèäîã. Ò³³íýýñ ãàäíà, çàðèì ëàòèí ³ñã³³ä áîëîí ëàòèí áóñ ãðåê, êèðèëë ³ñã³³ä äýýð °ðã°ëòèéã òýìäýãëýäýãã³é.

Ýäãýýð äóòàãäëûã àðèëãàõààð 8-áèòèéí CM-ò°ðëèéí ôîíòóóä ³³ñæýý. \fei{T1} êîä÷èëîëä \emph{Extended Cork\footnote{ðã°òã°ñ°í ã³éöýýëò}} (EC) ôîíò íü ëàòèí ³ñýãò ñóóðèëñàí èõýíõ Åâðîï õýëí³³äèéí ³ñýã, öýã òàñëàëûã àãóóëíà. LH ôîíò íü êèðèëë ³ñãýýð ýõ áýëòãýõýä øààðäëàãàòàé ³ñã³³äèéã àãóóëäàã á°ã°°ä êèðèëë ³ñãèéí îëîí òîîíû ä³ðñ ³ñãýýñ õàìààð÷ ýíý íü \fei{T2A}, \fei{T2B}, \fei{T2C},
áà~\fei{X2} ãýñýí ä°ðâ°í ò°ðëèéí ôîíòûí êîä÷èëîëä õóâààãääàã.\footnote{\cite{cyrguide} òîâõèìîëä ýäãýýð êîä÷èëëóóäàä äýìæèãäýõ õýëí³³äèéí òàëààðõ ìýäýýëýë àãóóëàãäñàí áîëíî.} CB á³ðäýëä ãðåê ³ñãèéí \fei{LGR} êîä÷èëîë äàõü ôîíòóóä àãóóëàãääàã.

Ýäãýýð ôîíòóóäûã àøèãëàñíààð àíãëèàñ áóñàä õýë äýýðõ áàðèìòóóäàä ³å øèëæ³³ëýõ áîëîìæòîé áîëíî. CM-ò°ðëèéí ôîíòóóäûí °°ð áóñàä äàâóó òàë íü òýäãýýð íü á³õ ò°ðëèéí õýëáýð õýìæýýã õàíãàäàãò îðøèíî.

\subsection{Ïîðòóãàëè õýëíèé äýìæëýã}

\secby{Äåìåðñîí Àíäðå Ïîëëè (Demerson Andre Polli)}{polli@linux.ime.usp.br}
\wi{Ïîðòóãàëè õýë}\index{Ïîðòóãàëè õýë} äýýð ³ãèéã ³åëæ, àâòîìàòààð îð÷óóëàãäàõ òåêñòèéã òîõèðóóëàõûí òóëä äàðààõ òóøààëûã àøèãëàíà:
\begin{lscommand}
\verb|\usepackage[portuguese]{babel}|
\end{lscommand}
Áðàçèëûí ïîðòóãàëè õýëèéã àøèãëàõ áîë \texttt{\wi{brazilian}} ãýæ ñîíãîíî.

Ïîðòóãàëè õýëýíä ìàø îëîí òîîíû °ðã°ëò áàéäàã òóë
\begin{lscommand}
\verb|\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}|
\end{lscommand}
ãýñýí òóøààëààð îðîëòûí êîä÷èëëûã àëäààã³é ç°â îðóóëæ,
\begin{lscommand}
\verb|\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}|
\end{lscommand}
ãýñýí òóøààëààð ôîíò êîä÷èëëûã ñîíãîæ ³ã ³åëëèéã èäýâõæ³³ëíý.

Ïîðòóãàëè õýë äýýð áýëòãýõ áàðèìòûí ýõëýëèéã \ref{portuguese}-ð õ³ñíýãòýä ³ç³³ëýâ. Áèäíèé ñîíãîñîí latin1 îðîëòûí êîä÷èëîë íü Mac áîëîí DOS äýýð àæèëëàõã³é òóë óã êîä÷èëëûã °°ðèéí ñèñòåìäýý òîõèðóóëæ ñîíãîõ õýðýãòýé ãýäãèéã àíõààðóóëúÿ.

\begin{table}[btp]
\caption{Ïîðòóãàëè õýë äýýðõ áàðèìòûí ýõëýë.} \label{portuguese}
\begin{lined}{5cm}
\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage[portuguese]{babel}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\end{verbatim}
\bigskip
\end{lined}
\end{table}


\subsection{Ôðàíö õýëíèé äýìæëýã}

\secby{Äàíèèë Ôëèïî (Daniel Flipo)}{daniel.flipo@univ-lille1.fr}
\LaTeX{} äýýð \wi{Ôðàíö õýë}ýýð ýõ áýëòãýõýä íýìýð áîëîõ çàðèì ç°âë°ã°°:
äàðààõ òóøààëààð ôðàíö õýëíèé äýìæëýãèéã àâíà:

\begin{lscommand}
\verb|\usepackage[frenchb]{babel}|
\end{lscommand}

Íýðèéí ãàðàë ³³ñëýýñ øàëòãààëàí ôðàíö õýëíèé \textsf{babel} äýõ íýð \emph{french} áóñ \emph{frenchb} áóþó \emph{francais} õî¼ðûí àëü íýãýýð ÿâäàã.

Õýðýâ òà \LaTeX{} ñèñòåìäýý ç°â òîõèðãîî õèéñýí áîë ôðàíö õýëíèé ³ã øèëæ³³ëýõ àæèëëàãààã èäýâõæ³³ëæ, ³íäñýí õýðýãëýãäýõ³³í ³ãñèéã ôðàíö õýë äýýð àøèãëàæ ÷àäíà: \verb+\chapter+ ãýâýë Chapitre ãýæ, \verb+\today+ ãýâýë òóõàéí °äðèéí îãíîîã ôðàíö õýëýýð òóñ òóñ ãàðãàíà ãýñýí ³ã. Ôðàíö õýë äýýð ýõ áýëòãýõýä èë³³ õÿëáàð áàéõ òóøààëóóäûã \ref{cmd-french}-ð õ³ñíýãòýä õàâñàðãàâ.

\begin{table}[!htbp]
\caption{Ôðàíö õýëíèé òóñãàé òóøààëóóä.} \label{cmd-french}
\begin{lined}{9cm}
\selectlanguage{french}
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\verb+\og guillemets \fg{}+         \quad &\og guillemets \fg \\[1ex]
\verb+M\up{me}, D\up{r}+            \quad &M\up{me}, D\up{r}  \\[1ex]
\verb+1\ier{}, 1\iere{}, 1\ieres{}+ \quad &1\ier{}, 1\iere{}, 1\ieres{}\\[1ex]
\verb+2\ieme{} 4\iemes{}+           \quad &2\ieme{} 4\iemes{}\\[1ex]
\verb+\No 1, \no 2+                 \quad &\No 1, \no 2   \\[1ex]
\verb+20~\degres C, 45\degres+      \quad &20~\degres C, 45\degres \\[1ex]
\verb+\bsc{M. Durand}+              \quad &\bsc{M.~Durand} \\[1ex]
\verb+\nombre{1234,56789}+          \quad &\nombre{1234,56789}
\end{tabular}
\selectlanguage{english}
\bigskip
\end{lined}
\end{table}

Ì°í ôðàíö õýëèéã àøèãëàõ ³åä æàãñààëò áóþó ç³éë÷ëýëèéí çàãâàð °°ð÷ë°ãä°õèéã àíçààð÷ áîëíî. \textsf{babel} áàãöûí \texttt{frenchb} ñîíãîëò íü ÿìàð áîëîìæèéã °°ðò°° àãóóëñàí áîëîõûã \texttt{frenchb.dtx} ôàéëûí \LaTeX{} äýýð áîëîâñðóóëñàí \texttt{frenchb.dvi} õóâèëáàðààñ ñîíèðõîíî óó.

\subsection{Ãåðìàí õýëíèé äýìæëýã}

\LaTeX{} äýýð \wi{Ãåðìàí õýë}\index{Ãåðìàí õýë}ýýð ýõ áýëòãýõèéí òóëä äàðààõ òóøààëààð ãåðìàí õýëíèé äýìæëýãèéã àâíà:

\begin{lscommand}
\verb|\usepackage[german]{babel}|
\end{lscommand}

Ýíý íü ãåðìàí õýëíèé ³å øèëæ³³ëýëòèéã èäýâõæ³³ëíý. Õýðýâ \LaTeX{} ñèñòåìäýý ç°â òîõèðãîî õèéñýí áîë ³íäñýí íýðøèë ãåðìàí õýë óðóó øèëæèæ ``Chapter'' íü ``Kapitel'' áîëîõ æèøýýòýé. Ãåðìàí ³ñãèéã, îðîëòûí ôàéëä inputenc áàãö àøèãëàëã³éãýýð øóóä øèâýõ áîëîëöîîã îëãîõ (\ref{german}-ð õ³ñíýãòýä ³ç³³ëýâ.) øèíý òóøààëûí áàãöûã ì°í õýðýãëýæ áîëíî. Ýäãýýð íü, inputenc àøèãëàõ òîõèîëäîëä øààðäëàãàã³é á°ã°°ä òåêñò íü çîõèõ êîäîîð õàäãàëàãääàã.

\begin{table}[!htbp]
\caption{Ãåðìàí õýëíèé òóñãàé òýìäýãò³³ä.} \label{german}
\begin{lined}{8cm}
\selectlanguage{german}
\begin{tabular}{*2{ll}}
\verb|"a| & "a \hspace*{1ex} & \verb|"s| & "s \\[1ex]
\verb|"`| & "` & \verb|"'| & "' \\[1ex]
\verb|"<| or \ci{flqq} & "<  & \verb|">| or \ci{frqq} & "> \\[1ex]
\ci{flq} & \flq & \ci{frq} & \frq \\[1ex]
\ci{dq} & " \\
\end{tabular}
\selectlanguage{english}
\bigskip
\end{lined}
\end{table}

Ãåðìàí íîìóóäàä ôðàíö õàøèëò (<<õàøèëò>>) õýðýãëýãäýõ íü ò³ãýýìýë ÷ õýâëýëèéí ãàçðóóä ³³íèéã >>èéì<< áîëãîí °°ð÷èëæ õýðýãëýäýã. Ãåðìàíààð ÿðüäàã Øâåéöàðûí õýâëýëèéí ãàçðóóä ÿã ôðàíöòàé àäèëààð <<èéì õàøèëò>>~õýðýãëýäýã.

\verb+\flq+~ìýòèéí òóøààëûã àøèãëàõ ³åä, OT1 ôîíòîä (³íäñýí ôîíò) ýíý íü ÿã ìàòåìàòèêèéí òýìäýã øèã ``$\ll$'' áîëîîä, õàðèí T1 êîä÷èëëûí ôîíòîä áîäèò õýëáýðýýðýý ä³ðñëýãäýýä áàéäàã ñóë òàëòàé. Òèéìýýñ õàøèëòûã T1 êîä÷èëîëä àøèãëàõ íü çîõèñòîé. (\verb|\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}|)

\subsection[Ñîëîíãîñ õýëíèé äýìæëýã]{Ñîëîíãîñ õýëíèé äýìæëýã\footnotemark}\label{support_korean}%
\footnotetext{%
\LaTeX{}-èéí ñîëîíãîñ õýðýãëýã÷äýýñ èð³³ëñýí õýä õýäýí òîâõèìëûã áàðèìòàëæ ýíýõ³³ äýä á³ëãèéã Êèì Êàíñ³ (Karnes KIM) ñîëîíãîñ òîâ÷ áóñ òàíèëöóóëãûí îð÷óóëãûí áàãèéí íýðèéí °ìí°°ñ áýëòãýæ, ò³³íèéã àíãëè õýë óðóó Øèíý Æ³íøèã (SHIN Jungshik) îð÷óóëæ, Òîáèàñ Îåòèêåð (Tobi Oetiker) õóðààíãóéëàâ.}

\wi{Ñîëîíãîñ õýë} äýýð \LaTeX{} ñèñòåìèéã àøèãëàõûí òóëä äàðààõ ãóðâàí àñóóäëûã øèéäñýí áàéõ ¼ñòîé:

\begin{enumerate}
\item Îðîëòûí ôàéëûã ñîëîíãîñ õýë äýýð áýëòãýõ áîëîìæòîé áàéõ õýðýãòýé. Õýäèéãýýð îðîëòûí ôàéë íü åðäèéí òåêñò ôîðìàòòàé áàéõ ¼ñòîé õýäèé ÷ ñîëîíãîñ õýëíèé ³ñãèéí êîä÷èëîë íü ASCII äýìæäýã çàñâàðëàã÷èä íèéöäýãã³é áóþó US-ASCII êîäîîñ ýðñ ÿëãààòàé áàéäàã òóë ñîëîíãîñ õýëíèé ³ñãèéí EUC-KR áîëîí ñîëîíãîñ MS-Windows-ò çîðèóëñàí CP949/Windows-949/UHC ãýñýí õî¼ð ÿíçûí êîä÷èëëóóä °ðã°í õýðýãëýãääýã. Ýäãýýð êîä÷èëëóóäàä US-ASCII òýìäýãò á³ð åðäèéí ASCII êîä÷èëîëä íèéöýõ ISO-8859-\textit{x}, EUC-JP, Big5, áóþó Shift\_JIS ìýòèéí êîä÷èëëóóäòàé èæèë ASCII òýìäýãòèéã ò°ë°°ëæ ÷àääàã. Í°ã°° òàëààð, KS~X~1001-èéí õàíãûëü ³å, õàíç, õàíãûëü ³ñýã, õèðàãàíà, êàòàêàíà, ãðåê áîëîí êèðèëë ³ñã³³ä áîëîí áóñàä òýìäýãò³³ä íü õîñ áàéòààñ á³ðäýõ áà ýõíèé áàéò íü àõëàõ áèòýýñ á³ðääýã. 1990 îíû äóíä ³å õ³ðòýë ³³íèéã ñîëîíãîñ áóñ ³éëäëèéí ñèñòåìä çîðèóëàí ãàðãàñàí àæýý. Òóõàéí ³åä ñîëîíãîñ õýëèéã òýäãýýð ñèñòåì³³äýä õýðõýí àøèãëàæ áàéñàí òàëààðõ ìýäýýëëèéã \url{http://jshin.net/faq} õàÿãààñ ìýäýæ àâ÷ áîëíî. Îäîî áîë ³íäñýí ãóðâàí (Mac OS, Unix, Windows) ñèñòåìä îëîí õýë äýìæèãäýõ áîëñîí á°ã°°ä ñîëîíãîñ õýëýýð ýõ áýëòãýõýä ò°â°ãã³é áîëæýý.

\item \TeX{} áîëîí \LaTeX{} íü 256 òýìäýãòýýñ èë³³ã³é ³ñýãò çîðèóëàí áè÷èãäñýí á°ã°°ä ò³³íä ñîëîíãîñ%,
\footnote{Ñîëîíãîñ õýëíèé õàíãûëü öàãààí òîëãîé íü 14 ãèéã³³ëýã÷, 10 ýãøèãòýé; ëàòèí êèðèëë ³ñã³³äýýñ ÿëãàðàõóéö, õýìæýýãýýðýý õÿòàä õàíçòàé ä³éõ³éö ä°ðâ°ëæèí í³äýíä áàãòàõ, òîî òîìøã³é îëîí ýãøèã ãèéã³³ëýã÷èéí õîñëîë á³õèé ³å³äýýñ á³ðääýã. Îð÷èí öàãèéí ñîëîíãîñ ³ñãèéí ä³ðìýýð (ìí°ä áà Õîéä Ñîëîíãîñò õî¼óëàíä íü) áîë òýäãýýð ³å³ä íü ç°â áè÷èõç³éí õóâüä õÿçãààðëàãäìàë òîîòîé áàéõ á°ã°°ä ³å á³ðèéã êîäîä îíîîäîã (KS~X~1001:1998 and KS~X~1002:1992) ó÷ðààñ õàíãûëü íü Õÿòàä ßïîí õàíçíû íýãýí àäèë õýäýí àðâàí ìÿíãàí, ³ñãèéí íèéëìýë ³å³äýýñ á³ðääýã àæýý. \emph{Îð÷èí öàãèéí ñîëîíãîñ õýëýíä} ì°ðä°æ áóé òýäãýýð ä³ðñ ³ñã³³äèéã ISO~10646/Unicode ñòàíäàðòûí, ç°â áè÷èõç³éí õóâüä õ³ëýýí ç°âø°°ð°ãä°õ ³å³äèéã (\url{http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAC00.pdf}) áàãòààñàí íèéëìýë õàíãûëü öàãààí òîëãîéí êîä÷èëîëä (Conjoining Hangul Jamos: \url{http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1100.pdf}) îíîîí îðóóëæýý. \LaTeX{} áîëîí áóñàä õýâëýëèéí ýõ áýëòãýõ ñèñòåì³³ä äýýð ñîëîíãîñîîð ýõ áýëòãýõýä òóëãàð÷ áàéãàà õàìãèéí ò°â°ãø°°õ°ä õ³ðãýäýã àñóóäëóóäûí íýã áîë ³å³ä íü ç°âõ°í þíèêîäîîð èëýðõèéëýãäýõ äóíäàä çóóíû ³åèéí ñîëîíãîñ õýëíèé äýìæëýãò áàéíà. Öààøäàà $\Omega$ áîëîí $\Lambda$ ìýòèéí \TeX{} ïðîãðàììóóäàä äýýðõ àñóóäëûã øèéäýæ, õýëç³é÷èä áîëîí ò³³õ÷äèéã äóíäàä çóóíû ³åèéí ñîëîíãîñ õýëèéã ñàéòàð äýìæäýã MS Word õýðýãëýõýýñ òàòãàëçàõàä õ³ðãýíý ãýäýãò èòãýæ áàéíà.}, õÿòàä õýëí³³äýä çîðèóëñàí äýä ôîíòûí ãîðèìûã íýìýõäýý õýäýí àðâàí ìÿíãàí çóðëàãà á³õèé CJK ôîíòûã òóñ á³ðäýý 256 çóðëàãààñ á³ðäýõ äýä ôîíòóóäàä õóâààñàí áàéíà. Ñîëîíãîñ õýëýíä ³íäñýí 3 áàãö áèé, ³³íä: í Êàíõèãèéí (UN~Koaunghi) çîõèîñîí \wi{H\LaTeX}, ×à Æý÷³íèéí (CHA~Jaechoon) çîõèîñîí \wi{h\LaTeX{}p}, ì°í Âåðíåð Ëåìáåðãèéí (Werner~Lemberg) çîõèîñîí \wi{CJK áàãö}.\footnote{Ýäãýýðèéã \CTANref|language/korean/HLaTeX/|\\
   \CTANref|language/korean/CJK/| áîëîí
   \texttt{http://knot.kaist.ac.kr/htex/} ñàéòààñ ³çýæ áîëíî.} H\LaTeX{} áà h\LaTeX{}p íü ñîëîíãîñ õýëýíä òóñãàéëàí çîðèóëàãäñàí ñîëîíãîñ ôîíòîîð áàÿëàã áà îðîëòûí ôàéëûã EUC-KR êîä÷èëëîîð áîëîâñðóóëäàã ò°äèéã³é H\LaTeX{} íü îðîëòûí ôàéëûã $\Lambda$, $\Omega$ ñèñòåì³³äýä UTF, CP949/Windows-949/UHC êîä÷èëëóóäààð ÷ áàñ áîëîâñðóóëæ ÷àääàã.

    CJK áàãö íü ñîëîíãîñ õýëýíä çîðèóëàãäààã³é, H\LaTeX{} øèã îëîí ò°ðëèéí ñîëîíãîñ ôîíò àãóóëñàí ñîëîíãîñ áàãö áèø õýäèé ÷ îðîëòûí ôàéëûã UTF-8, ÿëàíãóÿà õÿòàä ÿïîí ñîëîíãîñ ³ñã³³äèéã äýìæèõ EUC-KR áà CP949/Windows-949/UHC êîä÷èëëóóäààð áîëîâñðóóëàõ áîëîìæòîé þì.

\item \TeX{}, \LaTeX{} ïðîãðàììóóä äýýð õýâëýëèéí ýõ áýëòãýõèéí ãîë çîðèëãî íü áàðèìòûã `ñýòãýëä íèéöòýë' áýëòãýõ ÿâäàë áàéäàã. ³íä ãàðöààã³é ôîíòûí ³çýìæ ÷óõàë ³³ðýãòýé. H\LaTeX{} òàðõàö íü àðâàí ò°ðëèéí \index{Ñîëîíãîñ ôîíò!UHC ôîíò}UHC \PSi{} ôîíòûã, òàâàí ò°ðëèéí Munhwabu\footnote{Ñîëîíãîñûí Ñî¼ëûí ÿàì.} (TrueType) ôîíòûã àãóóëäàã. CJK áàãö íü H\LaTeX{}-èéí õóó÷íû ôîíòóóäààñ ãàäíà Bitstream-èéí cyberbit TrueType ôîíòóóäûã äýìæäýã.
\end{enumerate}

Ñîëîíãîñ õýëýýð ýõ áýëòãýõèéí òóëä H\LaTeX{} áàãöûã áàðèìòûí ýõëýëä äàðààõ áàéäëààð çàðëàíà:
\begin{lscommand}
\verb+\usepackage{hangul}+
\end{lscommand}

Èíãýñíýýð á³ëãèéí ãàð÷èã, äýä á³ëýã, çóðàã áîëîí õ³ñíýãòèéí æàãñààëòóóäûã ñîëîíãîñ õýë äýýð àøèãëàíà ãýñýí ³ã. Óã áàãö ``í°õö°ë ñîíãîõ'' ãîðèìûã àâòîìàòààð ã³éöýòãýäýã. Ñîëîíãîñ õýëíèé í°õö°ë íü ³ãèéí ò°ãñã°ëèéí ýãøèã ãèéã³³ëýã÷ýýñ õàìààðäàã. Ñîëîíãîñ õ³ì³³ñò òóõàéí ³ãýíä ÷óõàì ÿìàð í°õö°ëèéã çàëãàõ íü õ³íäðýëòýé àñóóäàë áèø áîëîâ÷ íîìç³é áîëîí àâòîìàò òåêñò³³äýä àâòîìàòààð òîõèðóóëàõàä õ³íäðýëòýé áàéãàà þì. Ýäãýýð àëäààòàé ³éëäë³³äèéã íýãä íýãã³é çàñàõ àæëûã H\LaTeX{} õ°íã°â÷èëæ °ãä°ã.

Õýðýâ ç°âõ°í ñîëîíãîñîîð áè÷èõ ë øààðäëàãàòàé áîë äàðààõ òóøààëûã áàðèìòûí ýõëýëä çàðëàõàä õàíãàëòòàé.
\begin{lscommand}
\verb+\usepackage{hfont}+
\end{lscommand}

\emph{H\LaTeX{} Guide} òîâõèìëîîñ H\LaTeX{} áàãö àøèãëàí ñîëîíãîñ õýë äýýð ýõ áýëòãýõ òóõàé äýëãýðýíã³é ìýäýýëëèéã àâàõ áóþó Ñîëîíãîñûí \TeX{} Õýðýãëýã÷äèéí Õîëáîîíû (KTUG) ñàéòàä \url{http://www.ktug.or.kr/} çî÷ëîîä ³çýõ õýðýãòýé.
Ýíä ì°í ýíýõ³³ òîâõèìëûí ñîëîíãîñ õóâèëáàð áèé.

\subsection{Ãðåê õýëíèé äýìæëýã}
\secby{Íèêîëàîñ Ïîòèòîñ (Nikolaos Pothitos)}{pothitos@di.uoa.gr}
\ref{preamble-greek}-ð õ³ñíýãòýä \wi{Ãðåê õýë}\index{Ãðåê õýë} àøèãëàõûí òóëä áàðèìòûí ýõëýëä áè÷âýë çîõèõ òóøààëûã ³ç³³ëýâ. Ýíý íü ãðåê õýë äýýðõ òåêñò áîëîí ³åèéí àâòîìàò øèëæ³³ëýëòèéã èäýâõæ³³ëíý.\footnote{Õýðýâ \texttt{inputenc} áàãöààñ \texttt{utf8x} ñîíãîëòûã õèéñýí áîë ãðåê áîëîí polytonic ãðåê ³ñãèéí þíèêîä òýìäýãò³³äýýð áè÷èæ ÷àäíà.}

\begin{table}[btp]
\caption{Ãðåê õýë äýýðõ áàðèìòûí ýõëýë.} \label{preamble-greek}
\begin{lined}{7cm}
\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage[english,greek]{babel}
\usepackage[iso-8859-7]{inputenc}
\end{verbatim}
\bigskip
\end{lined}
\end{table}

Îðîëòûí ôàéëûã ãðåê õýëýýð õÿëáàðõàí áýëòãýõýä çîðèóëàãäñàí íýìýëò òóøààëóóä áèé. Àíãëèàñ ãðåê õýë óðóó ýñâýë ãðåêýýñ àíãëè õýë óðóó ò³ð øèëæèõýä ãàíö õóâüñàã÷ àâäàã \verb|\textlatin{|\emph{àíãëè òåêñò}\verb|}| áîëîí \verb|\textgreek{|\emph{ãðåê òåêñò}\verb|}| òóøààëóóäûã àøèãëàæ áîëîõ á°ã°°ä ýäãýýð íü çîõèõ ôîíò êîä÷èëëûã àøèãëàäàã. ìí°õ á³ëýãò äóðäñàí÷ëàí \verb|\selectlanguage{...}| òóøààëûã ì°í àøèãëàæ áîëíî. \ref{sym-greek}-ð õ³ñíýãòýä ãðåê õýëýíä õýðýãëýãääýã öýã òàñëàëûí òýìäýãò³³äèéã ³ç³³ëýâ. Åâðî òýìäýãòèéã \verb|\euro| òóøààëààð èëýðõèéëíý.

\begin{table}[!htbp]
\caption{Ãðåê õýëíèé òóñãàé òýìäýãò³³ä.} \label{sym-greek}
\begin{lined}{4cm}
\selectlanguage{french}
\begin{tabular}{*2{ll}}
\verb|;| \hspace*{1ex}  &  $\cdot$ \hspace*{1ex}  &  \verb|?| \hspace*{1ex}&  ;   \\[1ex]
\verb|((|               &  \og                    &  \verb|))|&  \fg \\[1ex]
\verb|``|               &  `                      &  \verb|''| &  '   \\
\end{tabular}
\selectlanguage{english}
\bigskip
\end{lined}
\end{table}


\subsection{Êèðèëë ³ñãèéí äýìæëýã}

\secby{Ìàêñèì Ïîëÿêîâ (Maksym Polyakov)}{polyama@myrealbox.com}
\pai{babel} áàãöûí 3.7h-ð õóâèëáàðààñ ýõëýí \fei{T2*}~êîä÷èëëóóäàä Áîëãàð, Îðîñ, Óêðàèí õýëí³³ä äýìæèãäýõ áîëæýý.

Êèðèëë ³ñãèéí äýìæëýã íü \LaTeX{}-èéí íýìýëò \pai{fontenc}, \pai{inputenc} áàãöóóäàä ñóóðèëäàã. Ãýõäýý êèðèëë ³ñãèéã ìàòåìàòèêèéí òîìü¼îòîé õàìò õýðýãëýõ áîë \pai{fontenc}-èéí °ìí° \pai{mathtext} áàãöûã çàðëàíà:\footnote{\AmS-\LaTeX{} áàãöûã àøèãëàõ áîë ³³íèéã \pai{fontenc}, \pai{babel} áàãöóóäûí °ìí° çàðëàíà.}
\begin{lscommand}
\verb+\usepackage{mathtext}+\\
\verb+\usepackage[+\fei{T1}\verb+,+\fei{T2A}\verb+]{fontenc}+\\
\verb+\usepackage[+\iei{koi8-ru}\verb+]{inputenc}+\\
\verb+\usepackage[english,bulgarian,russian,ukranian]{babel}+
\end{lscommand}

Åð°íõèéä°°, \pai{babel} àâòîìàòààð \fei{T2A} ôîíò êîä÷èëëûã ñîíãîäîã. Ãýõäýý áàðèìò ç°âõ°í ýíýõ³³ ôîíò êîä÷èëëîîð õÿçãààðëàãäàõã³é; êèðèëë, ëàòèí ãýõ ìýò îëîí õýë äýýð áàðèìòûã áýëòãýõýä \pai{babel} òóõàéí õýëä òîõèðîõ ôîíò êîä÷èëëûã îíîîäîã áàéíà.

å øèëæ³³ëýëò, òåêñòèéí òýìäýãò³³äèéí àâòîìàò õ°ðâ°ëò áîëîí çàðèì õýëíèé õýâëýëèéí ä³ðýì (\ci{frenchspacing} ìýòèéí) çýðýãò \pai{babel}, áîëãàð, îðîñ, óêðàèí õýëí³³äýä òàâèãäàõ øààðäëàãûã õàíãàõ çàðèì òóøààëûã áèåë³³ëäýã.


Ýäãýýð ãóðâàí õýëí³³äýä öýã òàñëàëûí îíöëîã áèé:
Òåêñòýä, ëàòèí ³ñýãò õýðýãëýãääýã çóðààñíààñ ÿëèìã³é íàðèéõàí êèðèëë ³ñãèéí çóðààñûã, õàðèí äàì ÿðèà, èøëýë áîëîí ³å øèëæ³³ëýõýä åðäèéí çóðààñûã òóñ òóñ àøèãëàíà, \ref{Cyrillic}-ð õ³ñíýãòèéã ³ç.

% Table borrowed from Ukrainian.dtx
\begin{table}[htb]
  \begin{center}
  \index{""-@\texttt{""}\texttt{-}}
  \index{""---@\texttt{""}\texttt{-}\texttt{-}\texttt{-}}
  \index{""=@\texttt{""}\texttt{=}}
  \index{""`@\texttt{""}\texttt{`}}
  \index{""'@\texttt{""}\texttt{'}}
  \index{"">@\texttt{""}\texttt{>}}
  \index{""<@\texttt{""}\texttt{<}}
  \caption[Áîëãàð, Îðîñ, Óêðàèí]{Áîëãàð, îðîñ, óêðàèí õýëí³³äýä çîðèóëàãäñàí \pai{babel} áàãöûí íýìýëò òîäîðõîéëîëò}\label{Cyrillic}
  \begin{tabular}{@{}p{.1\hsize}@{}p{.9\hsize}@{}}
   \hline
   \verb="|= & ýíý áàéðëàëä íèéëìýë ³ñýã õîîðîíäûí ³å øèëæ³³ëýëòèéã ç°âø°°ðí°.               \\
   \verb|"-| & ñîíãîñîí ³ãèéã ³åëýõ.                         \\
   \verb|"---| & åðäèéí òåêñòýä õýðýãëýãäýõ óðò çóðààñ.                      \\
   \verb|"--~| & îâîã íýð òýìäýãëýõýä çîðèóëàãäñàí óðò çóðààñ.       \\
   \verb|"--*| & õàíäñàí ³ãýíä õýðýãëýãäýõ óðò çóðààñ.         \\
   \verb|""| & ÿã \verb|"-| øèã áîëîâ÷, ³å øèëæ³³ëýõ òýìäãèéã òàâèõã³é
               (íèéëìýë òýìäýãò³³äèéã ì°ð øèëæ³³ëýõýä òîõèðíî æèøýýëáýë \verb|x-""y|).     \\
   \verb|"~| & íèéëìýë ³ãñèéã õîëáîíî.        \\
   \verb|"=| & íèéëìýë ³ãñèéã õîëáîõäîî ³å øèëæ³³ëýõèéã ç°âø°°ðí°.                   \\
   \verb|",| & îâãèéí íýðèéí àðààñ àâàõ õîîñîí çàé.                                \\
   \verb|"`| & ãåðìàí íýýõ õàøèëò
               (,\kern-0.08em, ãýæ).                     \\
   \verb|"'| & ãåðìàí õààõ õàøèëò (èíãýæ ``).       \\%''
   \verb|"<| & ôðàíö íýýõ õàøèëò (èíãýæ <<).  \\
   \verb|">| & ôðàíö õààõ õàøèëò (èíãýæ >>). \\
   \hline
  \end{tabular}
  \end{center}
\end{table}


\pai{babel} áàãöûí îðîñ óêðàèíû àëü àëèíä íü \ci{Alph} áîëîí \ci{alph} öàãààí òîëãîéí òîì æèæèã ³ñã³³äèéã èëýðõèéëýõ \ci{Asbuk} áîëîí \ci{asbuk} òóøààë òîäîðõîéëîãääîã. Õàðèí \ci{enumBul} áîëîí \ci{enumLat} (\ci{enumEng}) òóøààëààð \ci{Alph} áîëîí \ci{alph} áîëãàð êèðèëë áîëîí ëàòèí öàãààí òîëãîéã èëýðõèéëäýã.
%Finally, math alphabets are redefined and  as well as the commands for math
%operators according to Cyrillic typesetting traditions.

\subsection{Ìîíãîë õýëíèé äýìæëýã}

\LaTeX{} äýýð áàðèìòûã \wi{Ìîíãîë õýë}\index{Ìîíãîë õýë}ýýð áîëîâñðóóëàõûí òóëä äàðààõ õî¼ð ò°ðëèéí áàãöûã àøèãëàæ áîëíî: Îëîí õýëíèé Babel áîëîí Îëèâåð Êîðôôûí çîõèîñîí Mon\TeX{} áàãöóóä.

Mon\TeX{} áàãö íü êèðèëë ³ñýã ò°äèéã³é Ìîíãîë áè÷ãèéã äýìæäýã á°ã°°ä ³³íèéã êèðèëë ³ñãèéí ³åýð òàñëàõ ãîðèìûí õàìòààð àøèãëàõûí òóëä äàðààõ òóøààëûã áàðèìòûí ýõëýëä çàðëàíà:
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{usepackage}\verb|[|\emph{õýë},\emph{êîä÷èëîë}\verb|]{mls}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent ³íä, æèøýýëáýë, êèðèëë ³ñãèéã þíèêîä äýýð àøèãëàõ áîë \emph{õýë} ãýäýãò \pai{xalx}, õàðèí \emph{êîä÷èëîë} ãýäýãò \iei{utf8} ãýæ òóñ òóñ ñîíãîíî. Õýðýâ Ìîíãîë áè÷ãèéã àøèãëàõ áîë \emph{õýë} ãýäýãò \pai{bicig} ãýäãèéã ñîíãîæ, áè÷èõ ³ãýý ëàòèíààð ãàëèãëàí îðóóëíà.

Mon\TeX{} áàãöàä ëàòèí ãàëèãààñ êèðèëë ³ñýãò õ°ðâ°õ ãîðèìûã èäýâõæ³³ëýõäýý äàðààõ òóøààëûã çàðëàíà:
\begin{lscommand}
\verb|\SetDocumentEncodingLMC|
\end{lscommand}

Õ°ðâ³³ëýõ ãîðèìûã èäýâõã³é áîëãîõäîî
\begin{lscommand}
\verb|\SetDocumentEncodingNeutral|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent òóøààëûã äóóäíà. Mon\TeX{}-èéí òàëààðõ äýëãýðýíã³é ìýäýýëýë á³õèé áàðèìòûã \CTAN|language/mongolian/montex/doc| õàÿãààñ òàòàí àâàõ áîëîìæòîé.

Îëîí õýëíèé \pai{babel} áàãöàä Ìîíãîë êèðèëë ³ñýã äýìæèãääýã á°ã°°ä ³ãèéã ³åýð òàñëàõ ãîðèìûí õàìòààð àøèãëàõûí òóëä áàðèìòûí ýõëýëä äàðààõ òóøààëóóäûã çàðëàíà:
\begin{lscommand}
\verb|\usepackage[T2A]{fontenc}|\\
\verb|\usepackage[mn]{inputenc}|\\
\verb|\usepackage[mongolian]{babel}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent ³íä, \iei{mn} ãýñýí ñîíãîëò íü êèðèëë ³ñãèéí \iei{cp1251} êîä÷èëëûã äýìæèõ á°ã°°ä þíèêîäûã äýìæèõ áîë \iei{utf8} ãýæ çàðëàíà. Ýíý áàãöûí õóâüä êèðèëë ³ñãèéã ëàòèíààð ãàëèãëàõ ãîðèì õ³÷èíòýé õýäèé ÷ \fei{OT2} êîä÷èëîëä `°' áà `³' (\verb|\cyrotld| áà \verb|\cyry|) ³ñã³³ä áàãòààã³é òóë óã ãîðèì îäîîõîíäîî õ³÷èíã³é þì. Ýíýõ³³ Ìîíãîë õýëíèé áàãö íü îðîñ õýëíèé áàãöòàé èæèë òóë ýíý íü áàñ êèðèëë ³ñãèéí íýìýëò áîëîìæóóäûã °°ðò°° àãóóëñàí þì.

\section{ã õîîðîíäûí çàé}

\LaTeX{}, òåêñòèéí áàðóóí çàõûã æèãäëýõ çîðèëãîîð ³ã õîîðîíäûí çàéã òîõèðóóëàõäàà óíøèõàä ýâòýéõýí áàéëãàõ ³³äíýýñ °ã³³ëáýðèéí ò°ãñã°ëä ÿëèìã³é æààõàí çàé íýìäýã áàéíà. ã³³ëáýðèéí ò°ãñã°ëèéã öýã, àñóóëòûí òýìäýã áîëîí àíõààðëûí òýìäãýýð ÿëãàõäàà õýðýâ òîì ³ñãèéí àðä öýã îðñîí áîë °ã³³ëáýðèéí ò°ãñã°ë áóñ òîâ÷èëñîí ³ãýíä òîîöäîã àæýý.

Ãýõäýý ýíý çàð÷ìûã °°ð÷èëæ áàñ áîëíî. Òàøóó çóðààñààð ³ë ñóíàõ òîãòìîë çàéã àâäàã. Çàéã äîëãèîíòîé çóðààñààð~`\verb|~|' àâàõàä òýðõ³³ çàé íü ñóíàõã³é ò°äèéã³é ì°ðèéã òàñàëäàãã³é. ã³³ëáýð ãîëäóó æèæèã ³ñýã á³õèé ³ãýýð ò°ãñä°ã á°ã°°ä õýðýâ òîì ³ñãýýð ò°ãñ°æ áàéãàà áîë °ã³³ëáýð ò°ãñã°õ öýãèéí °ìí° \verb|\@| òýìäãèéã òàâüñíààð òóõàéí öýãèéã °ã³³ëáýð ò°ãñã°õ öýãò òîîöóóëäàã.
\cih{"@} \index{~@ \verb.~.} \index{tilde@tilde ( \verb.~.)}
\index{., àð äàõü çàé}

\begin{example}
Mr.~Smith was happy to see her\\
cf.~Fig.~5\\
I like BASIC\@. What about you?
\end{example}

Öýãèéí àð äàõü íýìýëò çàéã äàðààõ òóøààëààð öóöàëæ áîëíî:
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{frenchspacing}
\end{lscommand}
\noindent Ýíý òîõèîëäîëä \LaTeX{}, öýãèéí àð äàõü çàéã åðäèéí òýìäýãò õîîðîíäîõ çàéíààñ èë³³ãýýð \emph{àâàõã³é}. Ýíý íü íîìç³é áîëîí àíãëè õýëíýýñ áóñàä õýëí³³äýä ò³ãýýìýë õýðýãëýãääýã. Õýðýâ \ci{frenchspacing} òóøààëûã àøèãëàæ áàéãàà áîë \verb|\@| òóøààëûã àøèãëàõ øààðäëàãàã³é.

\section{Ãàð÷èã, á³ëýã, äýä á³ëã³³ä}

Óíøèõàä öýãöòýé áîëãîõ ³³äíýýñ ýõýä á³ëýã, äýä á³ëã³³äèéã ³³ñãýõ õýðýãòýé áîëäîã áà \LaTeX{} ³³íèéã çîõèõ äàðààëàë á³õèé òóñãàé òóøààëààð ã³éöýòãýíý.

Äàðààõ á³ëýãëýõ òóøààëóóä íü \texttt{article} ò°ð°ëä õ³÷èíòýé: \nopagebreak

\begin{lscommand}
\ci{section}\verb|{...}|\\
\ci{subsection}\verb|{...}|\\
\ci{subsubsection}\verb|{...}|\\
\ci{paragraph}\verb|{...}|\\
\ci{subparagraph}\verb|{...}|
\end{lscommand}

Äàðààõ òóøààë íü ýõèéã á³ëýã, äýä á³ëã³³äýä õóâààõã³éãýýð õýñã³³äýä õóâààäàã
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{part}\verb|{...}|
\end{lscommand}

\texttt{report} áóþó \texttt{book} ò°ð°ëä ò³³íèé õàìãèéí äýýä á³ëýãëýõ íýãæ áîëîõ äàðààõ òóøààë õ³÷èíòýé áàéäàã
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{chapter}\verb|{...}|
\end{lscommand}

\texttt{article} ò°ð°ëä á³ëýãëýõ ãýñýí îéëãîëò áàéäàãã³é áîë íîìä °ã³³ëë³³äèéã á³ëýãëýí îðóóëàõàä õÿëáàð áàéäàã. Á³ëýã õîîðîíäûí çàé, äóãààðëàëò áîëîí ãàð÷ãèéí ôîíòûí õýìæýý çýðãèéã \LaTeX{} àâòîìàòààð òîõèðóóëíà.

Äàðààõ õî¼ð á³ëýãëýõ òóøààëä áàãà çýðýã ÿëãàà áèé:
\begin{itemize}
\item \ci{part} òóøààë íü á³ëãèéí äóãààðëàëòàä í°ë°°ëä°ãã³é.
\item \ci{appendix} òóøààë íü õóâüñàã÷ àâäàãã³é, åðä°° á³ëãèéí òîîí äóãààðûã öàãààí òîëãîéí ³ñãýýð ñîëüäîã.\footnote{ã³³ëëèéí ò°ð°ëä á³ëãèéí òîîí äóãààð °°ð÷ë°ãä°í°.}
\end{itemize}

\LaTeX{} äàðààõ òóøààëûí òóñëàìæòàé áàðèìòûí ñ³³ëèéí äàõèí áîëîâñðóóëàëòààð ãàð÷ãèéã ³³ñãýäýã.
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{tableofcontents}
\end{lscommand}
\noindent Ýíý òóøààë çàðëàãäñàí áàéðøèëäàà ãàð÷ãèéí æàãñààëòûã ³³ñãýíý. Àíõëàí ³³ñãýæ áàéãàà áàðèìòûí õóâüä \wi{ãàð÷ãèéí æàãñààëò} ³³ñãýõýä äîð õàÿàä õî¼ð óäàà áàðèìòûã \LaTeX-ýýð áîëîâñðóóëñàí áàéõ øààðäëàãàòàé. Çàðèìäàà ãóðâàí ÷ óäàà áîëîâñðóóëàõ íü áèé. Ãýõäýý äàõèí áîëîâñðóóëàõ øààðäëàãàòàé ýñýõèéã \LaTeX{} ìýäýýëäýã.

Äýýð äóðäñàí á³ëãèéí òóøààëóóäûí °ìí° ``îä'' \verb|*| òàâüñíààð ñîíãîñîí á³ëãèéí íýðèéã ãàð÷ãèéí æàãñààëòààñ õàñàæ áîëäîã. Æèøýýëáýë \verb|\section{Help}| òóøààëûí õóâüä \verb|\section*{Help}| ãýæ òýìäýãëýíý.

Åð°íõèéä°° á³ëãèéí ç³éë÷ëýëä àãóóëàãäàæ áóé íýðñ íü ãàð÷ãèéí æàãñààëòàä ÿã òýð ÷èãýýðýý îðäîã á°ã°°ä çàðèìäàà ç³éë÷ëýë íü ãàð÷ãèéí æàãñààëòàä áàãòàõã³é òîõèîëäîë ãàðäàã. Ýíý òîõèîëäîëä ç³éë÷ëýëèéã áàãòààõûí òóëä òóñëàõ õóâüñàã÷èéã àøèãëàõ õýðýãòýé áîëíî.

\begin{code}
\verb|\chapter[Áîãèíîñãîñîí ãàð÷èã]{Ãàð÷ãèéí|\\
\verb|    æàãñààëòàä áàãòàõã³é óðò ãàð÷èã}|
\end{code}

Áàðèìòûí \wi{íýð}èéã äàðààõ òóøààëààð ³³ñãýíý
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{maketitle}
\end{lscommand}
\noindent ³íä õàìààðàõ
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{title}\verb|{...}|, \ci{author}\verb|{...}|
áîëîí òóñëàõ ÷àíàðûí \ci{date}\verb|{...}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent òóøààëóóäûã \verb|\maketitle| òóøààëûí °ìí° çàðëàñàí áàéõ ¼ñòîé. \ci{author} ãýñýí õóâüñàã÷èä õýä õýäýí íýð îðóóëàõäàà íýðñ õîîðîíä \ci{and} òóøààëûã îðóóëæ °ãí°.

Äýýðõ òóøààëóóäûã \pageref{document}-ð õóóäàñíû \ref{document}-ð çóðàãò æèøýýãýýð ³ç³³ëýâ.

Ýäãýýð á³ëýãëýõ òóøààëóóäààñ ãàäíà \LaTeXe{}-èéí \verb|book| ò°ð°ëä ãóðâàí íýìýëò òóøààë áèé. Ýäãýýð, áàðèìòûã á³ëýãëýõ òóøààë íü á³ëãèéí ç³éë÷ëýë áîëîí õóóäàñíû äóãààðëàëòóóäûã íîìûí çîõèîìæèä òîõèðóóëàí çàãâàð÷èëíà:
\begin{description}
\item[\ci{frontmatter}] íü áàðèìòûí ýõëýëèéí (\verb|\begin{document}|) äàðàà áàéðëàâàë çîõèõ òóøààë á°ã°°ä õóóäàñíû äóãààðëàëòûã ðîì òîîãîîð òýìäýãëýæ, á³ëãèéí äóãààðûã òîîëîëã³é îðõèäîã. °ð°°ð õýëáýë ýíý íü á³ëãèéí ãàð÷ãèéã °ìí°° îäòîé (æèøýýëáýë \verb|\chapter*{Preface}|) ì°ðòë°° æàãñààëòàä õàðàãäóóëàõààð çîõèîí áàéãóóëíà ãýñýí ³ã þì.
\item[\ci{mainmatter}] íü íîìûí àíõäóãààð á³ëãèéí °ìí° îðâîë çîõèõ á°ã°°ä õóóäàñíû äóãààðëàëòûã àðàá òîîãîîð äóãààðëàäàã.
\item[\ci{appendix}] íü íîìûí õàâñðàëòûã òýìäýãëýäýã á°ã°°ä óã òóøààëààñ õîéøèõ á³ëãèéí íýðñ íü ³ñãýýð äóãààðëàãäàíà.
\item[\ci{backmatter}] íü íîìûí õàìãèéí ñ³³ëýýðõ íîìç³é, òîâú¼ãèéí °ìí° îðîõ ¼ñòîé á°ã°°ä åðäèéí áàðèìòûí ò°ð°ëä òýäãýýðèéã èëýðõèé ÿëãàðóóëæ õàðàãäóóëàõã³é.
\end{description}


\section{Õîëáîõ çààã÷èä}

Íîì ñîíèí ñýòã³³ëèéí çóðàã, õ³ñíýãò áîëîí òåêñòèéí òîäîðõîé õýñã³³äýä ãîëäóó \wi{õîëáîõ çààã÷} áóþó \wi{cross-reference} àøèãëàãääàã. \LaTeX{}-ä õîëáîõ çààã÷èéã äàðààõ òóøààëààð òýìäýãëýíý
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{label}\verb|{|\emph{òýìäýã}\verb|}|, \ci{ref}\verb|{|\emph{òýìäýã}\verb|}|
áàñ \ci{pageref}\verb|{|\emph{òýìäýã}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent ³³íä \emph{òýìäýã} íü õýðýãëýã÷èéí ³³ñãýñýí çààã÷. \LaTeX{} íü \verb|\label| òóøààëûí çààñàí äýä á³ëýã, çóðàã, õ³ñíýãò, òåîðåìûí çîõèõ äóãààðûã \verb|\ref| òóøààëààð, õàðèí \verb|\label| òóøààëûí áàéðëàæ áóé õóóäàñíû äóãààðûã \verb|\pageref| òóøààëààð òóñ òóñ èëýðõèéëäýã.\footnote{Ýäãýýð òóøààëóóä íü, \ci{label} òóøààëûí õàäãàëæ àâñàí ñ³³ë÷èéí àâòîìàò äóãààðëàëòààð ³³ñýõ çààã÷èéí äóãààðûã áóöààí õàðóóëíà.}

\begin{example}
Ýíýõ³³ äýä á³ëãèéí çààã÷èéã
\label{sec:this} èíãýæ õàðóóëíà:
``\pageref{sec:this}-ð õóóäàñíû
\ref{sec:this}-ð äýä á³ëãèéã ³ç.''
\end{example}

\section{Ç³³ëò³³ä}
Õóóäàñíû äîîä õýñýãò ç³³ëò ³³ñãýõäýý äàðààõ òóøààëûã àøèãëàíà
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{footnote}\verb|{|\emph{òàéëáàð}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent Ç³³ëò\footnote{``ç³³ëò'' ãýæ áè÷èã íîìûí äîòîð îðñîí çàðèì ³ã óòãûã òóñãàéëàí òàéëáàðëàñàí òàéëáàð} íü ÿìàãò õîëáîãäîõ ³ã áóþó °ã³³ëáýðèéíõýý àðä áàéðëàõ ó÷ðààñ ýíý íü °ã³³ëáýð áóþó öîãöîëáîðûã çààæ áàéãàà òîõèîëäîëä öýã, òàñëàëûí àðä îðîõ ¼ñòîé.\footnote{Ç³³ëò íü ýõèéí õàì ñýäýâòýé øóóä õàìààðàëã³é áàéäàã òóë ç³³ëòèéã ñ³³ëä íü óíøäàã áèëýý---ñîíèðõóóëàõ ³³äíýýñ áàðèìòûí àëü íýã õýñýãò õýëýõèéã õ³ññýí ç³éëýý ÿàãààä îðóóëæ áîëîõã³é ãýæ?\footnotemark}
\footnotetext{Ç³³ëòèéã õààíà ÷ õàìààã³é îðóóëæ áîëíî :-).}

\begin{example}
Ç³³ëòèéã\footnote{Ýíý áîë
 ç³³ëò.} èõýâ÷ëýí \LaTeX{}
õýðýãëýã÷èä àøèãëàäàã.
\end{example}

\section{Îíöîëñîí ³ãñ}

Áè÷ãèéí ìàøèíààð ýõ áýëòãýõ ÿâöàä ³ãèéã îíöëîõäîî \texttt{\underline{äîîãóóð íü çóðàõ} ìàÿãààð òýìäýãëýäýã} áèëýý.
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{underline}\verb|{|\emph{òåêñò}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
Õýâëýëä ³ãèéã îíöëîõäîî \emph{íàëóó} ôîíò àøèãëàíà. \LaTeX{} ³³íèéã
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{emph}\verb|{|\emph{òåêñò}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent ãýñýí òóøààëààð ã³éöýòãýõ áà óã òóøààëûí õóâüñàã÷èä ³éë÷ëýõ í°ë°°ë°ë íü õ³ðýýëëýýñýý õàìààðäàã:

\begin{example}
\emph{Îíöîëñîí òåêñò
äîòîð äàõèí ³ã îíöîëáîë
òýðõ³³ äàâõàð îíöîëñîí ³ãèéã
\LaTeX{} \emph{åðäèéí}
ôîíòîîð ä³ðñýëíý.}
\end{example}

\LaTeX{}-èéí õóâüä ç³éëèéã \emph{îíöëîõ} ÿâäàë íü ÿëãààòàé \emph{ôîíò} õýðýãëýõòýé àäèëã³é:

\begin{example}
\textsf{\emph{sans-serif} ôîíòîîð}
\texttt{ýñâýë
  \emph{typewriter} çàãâàðààð}
\textit{òåêñòèéã
íàëóóëàí \emph{îíöîëæ} áàñ áîëíî.}
\end{example}

\section{Õ³ðýýëë³³ä} \label{env}

% To typeset special purpose text, \LaTeX{} defines many different
% \wi{environment}s for all sorts of formatting:
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{begin}\verb|{|\emph{õ³ðýýëýë}\verb|}|\quad
   \emph{òåêñò}\quad
\ci{end}\verb|{|\emph{õ³ðýýëýë}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent ³³íä \emph{õ³ðýýëýë} íü òóõàéí õ³ðýýëëèéí íýð þì. Õ³ðýýëë³³ä íü òîäîðõîé äàðààëëààð õàðèëöàí áèåíýý áàãòààíà.
\begin{code}
\verb|\begin{aaa}...\begin{bbb}...\end{bbb}...\end{aaa}|
\end{code}

\noindent Äàðààãèéí äýä á³ëã³³äýä ÷óõàëä òîîöîãäîõ õ³ðýýëë³³äèéã òàéëáàðëàõ áîëíî.

\subsection{Æàãñààëò, òîî÷èëò áà òàéëáàðæóóëàëò}

\ei{itemize} õ³ðýýëýë íü åðäèéí æàãñààëò ³³ñãýõýä, \ei{enumerate} õ³ðýýëýë íü äóãààðëàãäñàí æàãñààëò ³³ñãýõýä, \ei{description} õ³ðýýëýë íü ç³éë³³äýä òàéëáàð ³³ñãýõýä òóñ òóñ àøèãëàãäàíà.
\cih{item}

\begin{example}
\flushleft
\begin{enumerate}
\item Õ³ðýýëë³³äèéã õ³ññýíýýðýý
°°ð õîîðîíä íü ñýëãýæ áîëíî:
\begin{itemize}
\item Ãýõäýý èíãýõ íü æààõàí
çîõèìæã³é õàðàãäàæ áîëçîøã³é.
\item[-] Çóðààñòàé.
\end{itemize}
\item Èéìä:
\begin{description}
\item[Çîõèöîõã³é] õ³ðýýëë³³äèéã
æàãñààëòàä îðóóëàõ íü òîõèðîìæã³é.
\item[Çîõèöîõ] õ³ðýýëë³³äèéã
æàãñààëòàä îðóóëàõ íü òîõèðîìæòîé.
\end{description}
\end{enumerate}
\end{example}

\subsection{Ç³³í, áàðóóí òèéø æèãäëýõ áà ãîëóóëàõ}

\ei{flushleft} áîëîí \ei{flushright} õ³ðýýëë³³ä íü ç³éëèéã ç³³í áóþó \wi{áàðóóí òèéø æèãäëýõ}ýä õýðýãëýãäýíý. \index{ç³³í òèéø æèãäëýõ} \ei{center} õ³ðýýëýë íü òåêñòèéã ãîëóóëäàã. Ì°ð òàñëàõ \ci{\bs} òóøààëûã àøèãëàæ áàéãààãààñ ³ë õàìààð÷ \LaTeX{} ì°ðèéã àâòîìàòààð òàñàëäàã.

\begin{example}
\begin{flushleft}
Ýíý òåêñò ç³³í òèéø\\æèãäýð÷ýý.
Ýíý òîõèîëäîëä \LaTeX{} ì°ð
á³ðèéã èæèë óðòòàé áîëãîõã³é.
\end{flushleft}
\end{example}

\begin{example}
\begin{flushright}
Ýíý òåêñò áàðóóí òèéø\\æèãäýð÷ýý.
Ýíý òîõèîëäîëä \LaTeX{} ì°ð á³ðèéã
èæèë óðòòàé áîëãîõã³é.
\end{flushright}
\end{example}

\begin{example}
\begin{center}
Äýëõèéí\\ò°âä
\end{center}
\end{example}

\subsection{Èøëýë áîëîí ø³ëýã}

Æèøýý áîëîí °ã³³ëáýðèéã èø òàòàõàä \ei{quote} õ³ðýýëëèéã àøèãëàíà.

\begin{example}
Òóðøëàãààñ ³çâýë
õýâëýëä:
\begin{quote}
Ì°ðèéí óðò îéðîëöîîãîîð 66
òýìäýãòýýñ èë³³ã³é áàéäàã.
\end{quote}
Èéì ó÷ðààñ äýýðõ óðòûí õÿçãààðûã
\LaTeX{}, õóóäàñíóóääàà ì°ðää°ã
ò°äèéã³é ñîíèí ÷ áàñ îëîí
áàãàíàòàéãààð õýâëýãääýã áèëýý.
\end{example}

\ei{quotation} áîëîí \ei{verse} õ³ðýýëë³³ä íü åð°íõèéä°° èæèëõýí áîëîâ÷ \texttt{quotation} õ³ðýýëýë íü õýä õýäýí äîãîë ì°ð°°ñ á³ðäñýí ç³éë³³äèéã èø òàòàõàä, õàðèí \texttt{verse} õ³ðýýëýë íü ì°ð á³ð íü \ci{\bs} òóøààëààð òàñëàãäàæ õîîñîí ì°ð àãóóëñàí îëîí øàä ø³ëãèéã èø òàòàõàä çîðèóëàãäñàí àæýý.

\begin{example}
Áè àíãëèàð ãàíöõàí
Humpty Dumpty-èéí òóõàé
ø³ëãèéã ë öýýæýýð ìýäíý.
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{verse}
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall:\\
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.\\
All the King's horses and all
the King's men\\
Couldn't put Humpty together
again.
\end{verse}
\end{flushleft}
\end{example}

\subsection{Óäèðòãàë (àáñòðàêò)}

Øèíæëýõ óõààíû °ã³³ëë³³äýä òóõàéí °ã³³ëëèéí òîâ÷ àãóóëãûã ÿìàãò ýõýíä íü îðóóëäàã áèëýý. ³íèéã \LaTeX{}-ä \ei{abstract} õ³ðýýëëýýð ã³éöýòãýíý. Èõýâ÷ëýí \ei{abstract} íü °ã³³ëëèéí ò°ð°ëä õàìààðàõ á³òýýë³³äýä àøèãëàãääàã.

\newenvironment{abstract}%
        {\begin{center}\begin{small}\begin{minipage}{0.8\textwidth}}%
        {\end{minipage}\end{small}\end{center}}
\begin{example}
\begin{abstract}
Òîâ÷ àãóóëãûã áè÷èõ.
\end{abstract}
\end{example}

\subsection{ñýã÷ëýí áóóëãàõ}

\verb|\begin{|\ei{verbatim}\verb|}| áà \verb|\end{verbatim}| òóøààë õîîðîíä îðñîí àëèâàà òåêñò ÿã áè÷ãèéí ìàøèíààð öîõèñîí ìýò õàðàãäààä çîãñîõã³é ò³³íä îðñîí ì°ð òàñëàõ, çàé àâàõ òóøààëóóä íü \LaTeX{}-ä áèåëýãääýãã³é.

Ç³éë (ïàðàãðàô) äóíä îðñîí äàðààõ òóøààë ì°í äýýðõòýé èæèë ³³ðãèéã ã³éöýòãýíý:
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{verb}\verb|+|\emph{òåêñò}\verb|+|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent \verb|+| òýìäãýýð òóøààëä áèåëýãäýõ òýìäýãòèéã õÿçãààðëàíà. Ýíý òýìäãèéí îðîíä, ³ñãýýñ áóñàä \verb|*| áóþó õîîñîí çàé ìýòèéí òýìäýãò³³äèéã àøèãëàæ áàñ áîëäîã. Ýíý òîâõèìîëä îðñîí \LaTeX{} æèøýýí³³äýä äýýðõ òóøààëûã àøèãëàñàí áîëíî.

\begin{example}
\verb|\ldots| òóøààë \ldots

\begin{verbatim}
10 PRINT "HELLO WORLD ";
20 GOTO 10
\end{verbatim}
\end{example}

\begin{example}
\begin{verbatim*}
³ñýã÷ëýõ  õ³ðýýëëèéí
îäòîé     õóâèëáàð
íü òåêñòýä îðñîí çàéã
îíöëîí   ÿëãàæ °ãä°ã
\end{verbatim*}
\end{example}

\ci{verb} òóøààëûí îäòîé õóâèëáàð íü äýýðõòýé ì°í èæèë ³³ðýãòýé:

\begin{example}
\verb*|ÿã   èíãýæ :-) |
\end{example}

\texttt{verbatim} õ³ðýýëýë áîëîí \verb|\verb| òóøààëóóä íü áóñàä òóøààëûí õóâüñàã÷ äîòîð àøèãëàãäàõã³é.


\subsection{Õ³ñíýãò}

\newcommand{\mfr}[1]{\framebox{\rule{0pt}{0.7em}\texttt{#1}}}

\ei{tabular} õ³ðýýëýë íü äóðûí ì°ð áàãàíà á³õèé \wi{õ³ñíýãò} ³³ñãýíý. ³íä áàãàíûí °ðã°íèéã \LaTeX{} àâòîìàòààð òîäîðõîéëäîã.

\begin{lscommand}
\verb|\begin{tabular}[|\emph{áàéðëàë}\verb|]{|\emph{îíöëîã}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent äýýðõ òóøààëûí \emph{îíöëîã} ãýñýí õóâüñàã÷ààð õ³ñíýãòèéí õýëáýðøëèéã (òåêñòèéã áàðóóí ç³³í òèéø æèãäëýõ ôîðìàò) òîäîðõîéëíî. \mfr{l} ãýâýë áàãàíûí òåêñòèéã ç³³í òèéø æèãäëýõýä, \mfr{r} ãýâýë áàðóóí òèéø, \mfr{c} ãýâýë òåêñòèéã ãîëëóóëíà õýìýýí; \mfr{p\{\emph{°ðã°í}\}} ãýâýë áàãàíà äàõü òåêñòèéí óðòûã õÿçãààðëàæ ì°ð òàñëàõ, õàðèí \mfr{|} ãýâýë áîñîî øóãàì òàòíà õýìýýí òóñ òóñ îéëãîâîë çîõèíî.

Áàãàíà äàõü òåêñòèéí óðò, õóóäàñíààñ èë³³ ãàðàõààð áîë \LaTeX{} ò³³íèéã àâòîìàòààð íóãàëàõã³é. Õàðèí \mfr{p\{\emph{°ðã°í}\}} òóøààëä áàãàíûí òåêñòèéã áàãòààæ ÷àäàõ óðòûã òîäîðõîéëæ °ãñí°°ð èë³³ ãàðñàí òåêñòèéã áàãàíàä áàãòààí íóãàëàõ áîëîìæòîé áîëäîã.

\emph{áàéðëàë} õóâüñàã÷èéã õ³ñíýãò äîòîðõ òåêñòèéí äýýä äîîä õýìèéã áîñîî áàéðëàëûí õóâüä \mfr{t}, \mfr{b} áà \mfr{c} ãýñýí äýýä, äîîä, äóíä õýñýãò áàéðëóóëàõ ³³ðýãòýé õóâüñàã÷äûí àëü íýãýýð òîäîðõîéëäîã.

\texttt{tabular} õ³ðýýëýëä áàãàíûã òóñãààðëàõ \texttt{\&}, ì°ðèéã òóñãààðëàõ \ci{\bs}, áîñîî øóãàì òàòàõ \ci{hline} òóøààëóóäûã òóñ òóñ àøèãëàíà. \ci{cline}\texttt{\{}\emph{j}\texttt{-}\emph{i}\texttt{\}} òóøààëààð j-ýýñ i äýõ ì°ð³³äèéã õîîðîíä íü çàëãàæ, òóñãààðëàã÷ øóãàìã³é áîëãîíî.

\index{"|@ \verb."|.}

\begin{example}
\begin{tabular}{|r|l|}
\hline
7C0 & àðâàí çóðãààò \\
3700 & íàéìò \\ \cline{2-2}
11111000000 & õî¼ðò \\
\hline \hline
1984 & àðàâò \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{example}

\begin{example}
\begin{tabular}{|p{4.7cm}|}
\hline
Welcome to Boxy's paragraph.
We sincerely hope you'll
all enjoy the show.\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{example}

Áàãàíà õîîðîíä çààãëàëò õèéõäýý \mfr{@\{...\}} á³òöèéã àøèãëàíà. Óã òóøààë áàãàíà äîòîðõ çàéã ãî¼ õààëòàä\footnote{ì°í °°ð°°ð õýýòýé õààëò, óðàí õààëò ÷ ãýäýã.} îðñîí òýìäýãòýýð ñîëüäîã. Äîîð æèøýýãýýð ³ç³³ëñýí àðàâòûí áóòàðõàéã õ³ñíýãòýýð ³ç³³ëýõýä ýíýõ³³ òóøààëûã ò³ãýýìýë àøèãëàäàã. Ì°í õ³ñíýãò äîòîðõ çàéã \mfr{@\{\}} ãýñýí òóøààëààð äàëäàëíà.

\begin{example}
\begin{tabular}{@{} l @{}}
\hline
ñóë çàéã³é\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{example}

\begin{example}
\begin{tabular}{l}
\hline
ç³³í áàðóóí òàëäàà ñóë çàéòàé\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{example}

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% This part by Mike Ressler
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\index{àðàâòûí áóòàðõàé} Àðàâòûí áóòàðõàéã áóòàðõàéí öýãýýð íü çýðýãö³³ëýí æàãñààõ áîëîìæã³é òîõèîëäîëä\footnote{Õýðýâ `tools' á³ðäýë ñèñòåìä òàíü ñóóñàí áîë \pai{dcolumn} áàãöûã àøèãëàõ õýðýãòýé.} ³³íèéã, äýýðõ òóøààëûã àøèãëàí áóòàðõàéí öýãýýñ °ìí°õ õîéøèõ õýñã³³äèéã °°ð õîîðîíä íü øàõàæ öýã óðóóãàà ãîëëóóëàõ çàìààð ``àðãàëñíààð'' \verb|\begin{tabular}| õ³ñíýãòèéí áàãàíûí øóãàì \verb|@{.}| òóøààëààð åðä°° ``.'' öýã áîëæ àðàâòûí áóòàðõàé, áóòàðõàéí öýãýýðýý æèãäðýí õàðàãääàã. Ãýõäýý áóòàðõàéí öýãèéã áàãàíà çààãëàõ (\verb|&|) òýìäýãòýýð ò°ë°°ë³³ëíý ãýäãèéã ñàíàõ õýðýãòýé! Áóòàðõàéãààð çààãëàõ íýìýëò áàãàíûã \ci{multicolumn} òóøààëààð ³³ñãýæ áîëíî.

\begin{example}
\begin{tabular}{c r @{.} l}
Pi èëýðõèéëýë       &
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Óòãà} \\
\hline
$\pi$               & 3&1416  \\
$\pi^{\pi}$         & 36&46   \\
$(\pi^{\pi})^{\pi}$ & 80662&7 \\
\end{tabular}
\end{example}

\begin{example}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Ene} \\
\hline
Mene & Muh! \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{example}

\pai{tabular} õ³ðýýëëýýð áýëòãýãäñýí áàðèìòóóä ÿìàãò òóõàéí íýã õóóäñàíäàà áàãòñàí áàéõ ó÷èðòàé áàéäàã. Õýðýâ òîìîîõîí õýìæýýíèé õ³ñíýãò áýëòãýõ òîõèîëäîëä \pai{longtable} õ³ðýýëëèéã àøèãëàõ õýðýãòýé.

\LaTeX{}-èéí ³íäñýí õ³ñíýãò äîòîðõ çàé íü äàâ÷óó ñàíàãäâàë ³³íèéã \ci{arraystretch} áà \ci{tabcolsep} òóøààëóóäàä óòãà îëãîõ çàìààð °°ð÷èëæ áîëíî.

\begin{example}
\begin{tabular}{|l|}
\hline
Øóãàì õîîðîíäîõ\\\hline
çàé äàâ÷óó áàéíà\\\hline
\end{tabular}

{\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm}
\begin{tabular}{|l|}
\hline
îäîî àðàé\\\hline
óóæóóõàí áîëëîî\\\hline
\end{tabular}}

\end{example}

Õýðýâ õ³ñíýãòèéí ãàíö ì°ðèéí °íäðèéã íýìýãä³³ëýõ áîë ³³íä áîñîî øóãàìûã\footnote{Ìýðãýæëèéí õýâëýëä ³³íèéã \wi{strut} áóþó ìîíãîëîîð \wi{áàãàíà} ãýæ íýðëýäýã áàéíà.} \ci{rule} òóøààëûã òýã öýãèéí °ðã°íòýéã°°ð (áîñîî øóãàìûã õàðàãäóóëàõã³éí òóëä) àâ÷ àøèãëàíà.

\begin{example}
\begin{tabular}{|c|}
\hline
\rule{1pt}{4ex}Pitprop \ldots\\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{4ex}Strut\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{example}

\section{Õ°â°ã÷ áèåò³³ä}
Ñ³³ëèéí ³åèéí õýâëýë³³äýä îëîí òîîíû çóðàã, õ³ñíýãò àãóóëàãäàõ áîëæýý. Õýðýâ ýäãýýð íü á³õëýýðýý òóõàéí õóóäàñíû òóõàéí áàéðëàëä áàãòàõã³é, ì°í õóóäàñ õîîðîíä òàñàð÷ îðîõ áîëîìæã³é áîë ýäãýýðèéã íýã õóóäñàíä á³õëýýð íü áàãòààõûí òóëä òóñãàé áîëîâñðóóëàëò øààðäëàãàòàé áîëäîã. Òóõàéí õóóäàñíû òóõàéí áàéðëàëäàà áàãòàõã³é áàéãàà çóðàã õ³ñíýãòèéã áàãòààæ áîëîõ íýã àðãà íü òýäãýýðèéã ÿìàãò øèíý õóóäñàíä øèëæ³³ëýí áàéðëóóëàõ ÿâäàë þì. Ãýõäýý ýíý íü õîîñîí çàé èõýýð ³ëäýýäýã äóòàãäàëòàé.

Õîîñîí çàéí àñóóäëûã `õ°â³³ëýõ' çàð÷ìààð øèéääýã. °ð°°ð õýëáýë, òóõàéí õóóäñàíäàà áàãòààã³é çóðàã õ³ñíýãò³³äèéã äàðààãèéí õóóäñàíä øèëæ³³ëýõäýý òýäãýýðèéí îðîí çàéã äàðààãèéí õóóäàñíû òåêñò³³äýýð í°õí°. \LaTeX{}-ä çóðàã áîëîí õ³ñíýãò ãýñýí õî¼ð ò°ðëèéí \wi{õ°â°ã÷ áèåò³³ä}ýä çîðèóëñàí õ³ðýýëýë áàéäàã. \LaTeX{} ýäãýýðèéã õ³ññýí áàéðëàëä áàðàãòàà îðóóëäàã. Ó÷èð èéìýýñ ýäãýýð õî¼ð õ³ðýýëëèéí äàâóó òàëóóäûã á³ðýí àøèãëàõûí òóëä \LaTeX{}-èéí òýäãýýðèéã áàéðøóóëäàã àðãà àæèëëàãààã îéëãîõ íü ÷óõàë.

\bigskip
Ýõëýýä \LaTeX{}-èéí õ°â³³ëýõ òóøààëûã ñîíèðõîöãîî¼:

\ei{figure} áóþó \ei{table} õ³ðýýëýëä çàðëàãäñàí àëèâàà ç³éëä õ°â°õ òóõàé àñóóäàë õàìààðíà. Ýäãýýð õ°â°õ õ³ðýýëýë íü òóñëàõ ÷àíàðûí
\begin{lscommand}
\verb|\begin{figure}[|\emph{áàéðëàë òîäîðõîéëîõ}\verb|]| áóþó
\verb|\begin{table}[|\ldots\verb|]|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent \emph{õ°â³³ëýí áàéðëóóëàõ çàð÷èìä} òóëãóóðëàñàí \emph{áàéðëàë òîäîðõîéëîõ} õóâüñàã÷èéã àãóóëäàã. Ýíý íü \LaTeX{}-ä õààø íü õ°â³³ëýí áàéðëóóëàõûã òîäîðõîéëæ °ãä°ã. Õ³ñíýãò~\ref{tab:permiss}-ã ³ç.

\begin{table}[!bp]
\caption{Õ°â³³ëýí áàéðëóóëàõ çàð÷èì.}\label{tab:permiss}
\noindent \begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\medskip
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{@{}cp{8cm}@{}}
Ò³ëõ³³ð&Õ°â°ã÷ áèåòèéã áàéðëóóëàõ \ldots\\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{1.05em}\texttt{h} & Èõýâ÷ëýí æèæèã õýìæýýíèé õ°â°ã÷ áèåò³³äýä õýðýãëýõýä òîõèðîìæòîé á°ã°°ä òåêñò äóíä \emph{òóõàéí áè÷èãäñýí áàéðëàëäàà} áàéðøäàã.\\[0.3ex]
\texttt{t} & õóóäàñíû \emph{äýýä òàëä}\\[0.3ex]
\texttt{b} & õóóäàñíû \emph{äîîä òàëä}\\[0.3ex]
\texttt{p} & õ°â°ã÷ áèåò àãóóëæ áàéãàà \emph{õóóäñàíä}.\\[0.3ex]
\texttt{!} & Òóõàéí õ°â°ã÷ áèåòèéí áàéðøèëä ñààä áîëîõ äîòîîä õóâüñàã÷äûã\footnote{Íýã í³³ðýíä áàéâàë çîõèõ õ°â°ã÷ áèåò³³äèéí òîîíû äýýä õÿçãààð ãýõ ìýò.} ³ë õýðýãñýõ.
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\texttt{pt}, \texttt{em} íü \TeX{}-èéí íýãæ á°ã°°ä ýíý òàëààðõ äýëãýðýíã³éã \pageref{units}-ð õóóäàñíû \ref{units}-ð õ³ñíýãòýýñ ñîíèðõîíî óó.
\end{minipage}
\end{table}

Æèøýýëáýë õ³ñíýãòèéã äàðààõ áàéäëààð çàðëàñàí òîõèîëäîëä{}
\begin{code}
\verb|\begin{table}[!hbp]|
\end{code}
\noindent \verb|[!hbp]| \wi{áàéðøèë òîäîðõîéëîõ} òóøààë íü \LaTeX{}-ä õ³ñíýãòèéã òóõàéí áàéðëàëä (\texttt{h}) ýñâýë õóóäàñíû äýýä òàëä (\texttt{b}) ýñâýë äàí õ°â°ã÷ä°°ñ á³ðäýõ õ°â°õ òóñãàé õóóäñàíä (\texttt{p}) áîëîí ýäãýýðèéí àëü òîõèðîõ áàéðëàëä áàéðøóóëíà (\texttt{!}). Áàéðøèë òîäîðõîéëîãäîîã³é òîõèîëäîëä áèåòèéã \verb|[tbp]| ãýñýí áàéðøèëä îðóóëäàã.

Õ°â°ã÷ áèåòèéã \LaTeX{} íü çààñàí áàéðøëûí äàãóó áàéðøóóëàõäàà õýðýâ òóõàéí õóóäñàíä áàéðøóóëæ ýñ ÷àäâàë òýäãýýð õ°â°ã÷ áèåò áîëîõ \emph{çóðàã} áóþó \emph{õ³ñíýãò} á³ðèéí äàðààëëûã áàéðøóóëæ áîëîõ õóóäàñ òààðàëäàõ õ³ðòýë ò³ð óõðààäàã.\footnote{³íèéã FIFO ãýäýã---`ò³ð³³ëæ îðîîä ò³ð³³ëæ ãàðàõ'---äàðààëàë!} Øèíý õóóäàñ ýõýëìýãö \LaTeX{} õ°â°ã÷ áèåòèéã äàðààëëûí äàãóó áàéðëóóëæ áîëîõ ýñýõèéã øàëãàõ á°ã°°ä áîëîìæã³é áîë çààñàí áàéðëàëûí äàãóó (`h' ò³ëõ³³ð áîëîìæã³é) äàðààãèéí õóóäñàíä áàéðøóóëàõûã ýðìýëçýíý. Òåêñòýä òîõèîõ àëèâàà õ°â°ã÷äèéã çîõèõ äàðààëëààð áàéðëóóëàõäàà \LaTeX{} õ°â°ã÷ á³ðèéí çîõèõ äàðààëëûã íàðèéí òîîöäîã. Èéìä çîõèõ áàéðøèëäàà îðæ ÷àäààã³é ³ëäñýí çóðàã, áàðèìòûí ò°ãñã°ë äýõ äàðàà äàðààãèéí çóðãóóäòàé õàâñàðãàãääàã òóë:

\begin{quote}
Õýðýâ \LaTeX{} îíîîñîí áàéðëàëä õ°â°ã÷äèéã áàéðëóóëæ ýñ ÷àäâàë ãîëäóó õî¼ð õ°â°ã÷ äàðààëëûí íýãä íü á°°ãí°ð°ë ³³ñíý.
\end{quote}

\LaTeX{}-ä, õ°â°ã÷èä áàéðëàë òîäîðõîéëîõ ãàíöõàí ò³ëõ³³ð çàðëàõ ÿâäàë íü, õýðýâ òîãòîîñîí áàéðëàëä òýðõ³³ õ°â°ã÷ áàãòàõã³é òîõèîëäîëä äàðààãèéí õ°â°ã÷ä°ä ñààä ó÷ðóóëäàã. ßëàíãóÿà [h] ñîíãîëòîîñ çàéëñõèéõ õýðýãòýé---óã äóòàãäàëòàé òàëààñ çàéëñõèéæ \LaTeX-èéí ñ³³ëèéí õóâèëáàðóóäàä ³³íèéã àâòîìàòààð [ht] áîëîí õóâèðãàäàã áîëñîí.

\bigskip
\noindent Ò³³íýýñ ãàäíà \ei{table} áîëîí \ei{figure} õ³ðýýëë³³äèéí òàëààð òàéëáàðëàÿ.

\begin{lscommand}
\ci{caption}\verb|{|\emph{òàéëáàð}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}

\noindent òóøààëààð õ°â°ã÷ áèåòýä òàéëáàð íýðèéã °ãí°. \LaTeX{} ``Çóðàã'' áóþó ``Õ³ñíýãò'' çýðãèéã òîî áîëîí òýìäýãòýýð äóãààðëàäàã.

\begin{lscommand}
\ci{listoffigures} áà \ci{listoftables}
\end{lscommand}

\noindent ãýñýí òóøààëóóä íü \verb|\tableofcontents| òóøààëòàé èæëýýð çóðàã áîëîí õ³ñíýãòèéí æàãñààëò ³³ñãýíý. Òàéëáàð íü æàãñààëòàä á³ðýí ýõýýðýý îðäîã òóë óðò õýìæýýíèé òàéëáàðûã æàãñààëòàä áîãèíîñãîõ øààðäëàãà ãàð÷ áîëíî. ³íèéã ã³éöýòãýõäýý \verb|\caption| òóøààëûí àðûí õààëòàí äîòîð òîâ÷èëñîí õóâèëáàðûã çààæ îðóóëæ °ãí°.
\begin{code}
\verb|\caption[Áîãèíî]{Ìàààààøøøøø èèèèèõõõõõ óóóóóððððððòòòòòò}|
\end{code}

Õ°â°ã÷èéí òàéëáàðûí õîëáîõ çààã÷èéã \ci{label} áîëîí \ci{ref} òóøààëààð °ã°õä°° \ci{label} òóøààëûã \ci{caption} òóøààëûí \emph{àðä} îðóóëàõ ¼ñòîé ãýäãèéã àíõààðàõ õýðýãòýé.

Äàðààõ æèøýýíä ä°ðâ°ëæèí çóðààä ò³³íèéãýý áàðèìò äóíä îðóóëæýý. ³íèéã ì°í áàðèìòäàà çóðàã îðóóëàõ çàé í°°ö°ëæ àâàõäàà àøèãëàæ áîëîõ þì.

\begin{code}
\begin{verbatim}
Çóðàã~\ref{white} íü Ïîð-Àðòûí æèøýý þì.
\begin{figure}[!hbtp]
\makebox[\textwidth]{\framebox[5cm]{\rule{0pt}{5cm}}}
\caption{Òàâ òàâàí ñàíòèìåòðýýð.\label{white}}[A
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}
\end{code}

\noindent Äýýðõ æèøýýíä \LaTeX{} çóðãèéã ÿã çàðëàãäñàí \emph{áàéðëàëä}~(\texttt{h}) îðóóëàõ \emph{íýëýýä õ³íäðýëòýé}~(\texttt{!}) òóëãàð÷ áàéõ øèã áàéíà.\footnote{çóðãèéí äàðààëëûã õîîñîí ãýæ òîîöîõîä.} Õýðýâ ýíý íü áîëîìæã³é áîë çóðãèéã õóóäàñíû \emph{äîîä òàëä}~(\texttt{b}) áàéðëóóëàõûã îðîëäîíî. Òóõàéí õóóäñàíä áàéðëóóëàõ áîëîìæã³é áîë óã çóðãèéã áîëîí ìàãàä õ³ñíýãòèéí äàðààëëààñ çàðèì íýã õ³ñíýãòèéã àãóóëàõ õ°â°ã÷ õóóäñûã ³³ñãýæ áîëîõ ýñýõèéã òîîöîîëíî. Õýðýâ òóñãàé õ°â°ã÷ õóóäñûã ä³³ðãýõýä õ°â°ã÷ áèåò äóòàãäâàë \LaTeX{} øèíý õóóäàñíààñ çóðãèéã òîãòîîñîí áàéðëàëûí äàãóó áàéðøóóëíà.

Çàéëøã³é í°õö°ëä äàðààõ

\begin{lscommand}
\ci{clearpage} áóþó ³³íòýé èæèë \ci{cleardoublepage}
\end{lscommand}

\noindent òóøààëóóä àøèãëàãääàã. Ýõíèéõ íü \LaTeX{}-ò, äàðààëàëä ³ëäñýí õ°â°ã÷äèéã øèíý õóóäàñíààñ áàéðëóóëàõûã òóøààäàã. \ci{cleardoublepage} íü ì°í àäèë õ°â°ã÷ áèåòèéã øèíý õóóäàñíààñ ýõë³³ëýõäýý ñîíäãîé äóãààðòàé áóþó áàðóóí ãàð òàëûí õóóäàñíààñ ýõë³³ëäýã.

\LaTeXe{} áàðèìòàä \PSi{} çóðãèéã õýðõýí îðóóëàõ òàëààð ýíýõ³³ òîâõèìëûí ò°ãñã°ëä äóðäàõ áîëíî.

\section{Õàìãààëáàë çîõèõ ýìçýã òóøààëóóä}

\ci{caption} áóþó \ci{section} òóøààëóóäûí ³ë õàìààðàõ õóâüñàã÷äàä (arguments) îëãîñîí òåêñò³³ä ýõýä íýã áóñ óäàà (õ³ñíýãòèéí æàãñààëòàä, áàðèìò äóíä) òîõèîëääîã á°ã°°ä \ci{section} ìýòèéí çàðèì òóøààëóóäûí ³ë õàìààðàõ õóâüñàã÷èéã áîëîâñðóóëàõ ÿâöàä àëäàà ãàðàõ ìàãàäëàëòàé áàéäàã òóë ýäãýýð òóøààëóóäûã---æèøýýëáýë \ci{footnote} áóþó \ci{phantom}, \wi{ýìçýã òóøààëóóä} ãýäýã. Ýìçýã òóøààëóóäàä àëäàà òîõèîëäîõîîñ ñýðãèéëýõèéí òóëä òýäãýýðèéí °ìí° \ci{protect} òóøààëûã äàâõàð çàðëàæ °ãí°.

\ci{protect} íü ³ë õàìààðàõ õóâüñàã÷èéã áóñ ç°âõ°í àð äàõü òóøààëàà õàðüÿàëäàã. Èõýíõäýý \ci{protect} òóøààëûã õýðýãëýñíýýðýý áóðóóääàãã³é.

\begin{code}
\verb|\section{Ç³³ëòèéã îðóóëàõäàà|\\
\verb|      \protect\footnote{àëäàà ãàðãàõààñ àíõààð÷ õàìãààë}}|
\end{code}

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